Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos N, Sánchez-Cordero Victor, Townsend Peterson A, Ramsey Janine M
Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F., Mexico.
Acta Trop. 2009 May-Jun;110(2-3):178-86. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.11.012. Epub 2008 Nov 25.
In all, 40 native triatomine species and subspecies occur in NA, belonging to six genera from the Triatomini (Triatoma, Paratriatoma, Panstrongylus, Dipetalogaster, Belminus, Eratyrus), and one genus from the Rhodniini (represented by one non-native species Rhodnius prolixus, formerly occurring exclusively in domestic habitats); 28 species are found exclusively in Mexico (and/or Central America), eight are shared between the United States (US) and Mexico, and four occur exclusively in the US. The genus Triatoma is the most diverse with 26 species belonging to the species groups protracta, including the species complexes protracta and lecticularia, and rubrofasciata, which includes the species complexes rubida, phyllosoma and dimidiata. Triatomine species richness declined both at higher (south US) and lower (south of the Istmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico) latitudes. Triatoma species are found predominantly in cropland, grassland, wooded grassland and woodland landscapes. Land cover types were most similar among the lecticularia, protracta, and rubida complexes, in contrast to the phyllosoma and dimidiata species complexes. The land cover types having highest suitability for most species were wooded grassland, followed by woodland for the phyllosoma and dimidiata species complexes, and open and closed shrubland and cropland for the remaining three species complexes. A principal component analysis was used to demonstrate differences in the potential range for use of environmental conditions: protracta and phyllosoma complexes occupy the broadest niches. The present study represents a primary stratification of potential triatomine dispersal areas, based on species and species complexes, and based on predicted niche, a method which has already proven to be highly significant epidemiologically.
北美洲共有40种原生锥蝽物种和亚种，分属于锥蝽亚科的六个属（锥蝽属、副锥蝽属、坚强锥蝽属、双瓣锥蝽属、贝尔米锥蝽属、埃拉锥蝽属），以及红猎蝽亚科的一个属（仅由一种非原生种红带锥蝽代表，该物种以前仅见于居家环境）；28种仅见于墨西哥（和/或中美洲），8种在美国和墨西哥均有分布，4种仅见于美国。锥蝽属最为多样，有26个物种属于长翅锥蝽物种组，包括长翅锥蝽和细缘锥蝽物种复合体，以及红带锥蝽物种组，包括红边锥蝽、叶形锥蝽和二分锥蝽物种复合体。锥蝽物种丰富度在较高纬度（美国南部）和较低纬度（墨西哥特万特佩克地峡以南）均有所下降。长翅锥蝽物种主要见于农田、草地、树木繁茂的草地和林地景观。细缘锥蝽、长翅锥蝽和红边锥蝽复合体的土地覆盖类型最为相似，而叶形锥蝽和二分锥蝽物种复合体则不同。对大多数物种而言，最适宜的土地覆盖类型是树木繁茂的草地，其次是叶形锥蝽和二分锥蝽物种复合体的林地，以及其余三个物种复合体的开阔和封闭灌丛及农田。主成分分析用于展示利用环境条件的潜在范围差异：长翅锥蝽和叶形锥蝽复合体占据最广泛的生态位。本研究基于物种和物种复合体，并基于预测的生态位，对锥蝽潜在扩散区域进行了初步分层，该方法在流行病学上已被证明具有高度重要性。
