Sabbadini Marta, Yost C Spencer
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-05442, USA.
J Mol Biol. 2009 Feb 6;385(5):1331-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.11.048. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
K(2P) channels are a family of cellular proteins that are essential for electrical signaling throughout the body. There are six K(2P) channel subfamilies, consisting of 15 distinct mammalian genes. K(2P) channels display a remarkable range of regulation by cellular, physical and pharmacologic agents, including protein kinases, intracellular Ca(2+), changes in internal and external pH, anesthetic agents, heat, stretch and membrane deformers. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this regulation are complex and cooperate at many different levels. Recent research has provided strong evidence that the spatiotemporal-specific expression of K(2P) channels are determinants of physiologic selectivity and specificity. In recent years, knockout mice have been generated with inactivated K(2P) channel genes. These animals shed new light on the contribution of K(2P) channels to normal and abnormal physiology. In this review, we summarize the published data on these mice to broaden the understanding of the role of K(2P) channel activity.
双孔钾通道（K(2P)通道）是一类细胞蛋白家族，对全身的电信号传导至关重要。K(2P)通道有六个亚家族，由15个不同的哺乳动物基因组成。K(2P)通道受到细胞、物理和药理因子的显著调节，这些因子包括蛋白激酶、细胞内钙离子、细胞内外pH值变化、麻醉剂、热、拉伸和膜变形剂。这种调节背后的分子和细胞机制很复杂，且在许多不同层面协同作用。最近的研究提供了强有力的证据，表明K(2P)通道的时空特异性表达是生理选择性和特异性的决定因素。近年来，已经培育出了K(2P)通道基因失活的基因敲除小鼠。这些动物为K(2P)通道对正常和异常生理学的贡献提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于这些小鼠的已发表数据，以拓宽对K(2P)通道活性作用的理解。
