Kraft Kelly S, Grant Marshall
MannKind Corporation, 1 Casper Street, Danbury, CT 06810, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2009;480:165-74. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-429-2_12.
Drug delivery by inhalation is routine for the treatment of local pulmonary conditions like asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Only recently, though, has the inhalation route been considered for administering drugs for systemic diseases. The pulmonary route is attractive for several reasons. It is non-invasive, it avoids first-pass metabolism, and it allows drug absorption from a large, highly vascularized surface area. However, consistent delivery to the deep lung requires drug particles within a very narrow size range. Several particle engineering approaches have been used to produce dry powders that will reach the alveolar space. Some of these methods, such as spray drying from solution, the formation of drug-containing liposomes, and the controlled crystallization of particles, are described here.
通过吸入给药是治疗哮喘、囊性纤维化和慢性阻塞性肺疾病等局部肺部疾病的常规方法。不过，直到最近，吸入途径才被考虑用于全身性疾病药物的给药。肺部给药途径具有吸引力，原因有几个。它是非侵入性的，避免了首过代谢，并且允许药物从一个大的、高度血管化的表面积吸收。然而，要持续将药物输送到肺深部，需要药物颗粒处于非常窄的尺寸范围内。已经使用了几种颗粒工程方法来生产能够到达肺泡腔的干粉。这里描述了其中一些方法，例如从溶液中喷雾干燥、含药脂质体的形成以及颗粒的控制结晶。
