Trosseille Xavier, Baudrit Pascal, Leport Tiphaine, Vallancien Guy
LAB PSA Peugeot-Citroën RENAULT, 132 rue des Suisses, 92000 Nanterre, France.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2008 Nov;52:205-31. doi: 10.4271/2008-22-0009.
Rib fractures are the most frequent types of AIS3+ chest injuries and constitute a good indication of severity. However, the behavior of the rib cage is not well documented, and though chest external measurements are often provided in the literature, the strains of the ribs themselves during a crash remain unknown. In order to address this issue, a test protocol was developed, where the ribs of 8 PMHS were equipped with up to 96 strain gauges. In a first series of 3 tests, the subjects were seated upright and their chests were loaded by a 23.4 kg impactor propelled at 4.3 m/s in 0 degrees (pure frontal), 60 degrees (oblique) and 90 degrees (pure lateral) directions. In a second series of 3 tests, the subjects were loaded by the deployment of an unfolded airbag in the same 3 directions. Finally, a third series of 2 tests was performed with airbags at different distances from the subjects, in a pure lateral direction. This paper presents the results of the tests and an analysis of the strain patterns. The differences between a pure frontal, a pure lateral and an oblique loading are explored. The airbag loading is compared to impactor loading and the severity effect is described. Finally, the time and location of the rib fractures are analyzed as a function of the test configuration.
肋骨骨折是AIS3+级胸部损伤中最常见的类型，是严重程度的一个良好指标。然而，胸廓的行为记录并不完善，尽管文献中经常提供胸部外部测量数据，但碰撞过程中肋骨本身的应变情况仍然未知。为了解决这个问题，制定了一个测试方案，对8具PMHS（人体尸体模型）的肋骨最多安装96个应变片。在第一组3次测试中，受试者直立就座，其胸部由一个23.4千克的冲击器加载，冲击器分别以4.3米/秒的速度沿0度（纯正面）、60度（斜向）和90度（纯侧面）方向推进。在第二组3次测试中，在相同的3个方向上通过展开的安全气囊对受试者进行加载。最后，在纯侧面方向上对安全气囊与受试者处于不同距离的情况进行了第三组2次测试。本文介绍了测试结果和应变模式分析。探讨了纯正面、纯侧面和斜向加载之间的差异。将安全气囊加载与冲击器加载进行了比较，并描述了严重程度效应。最后，根据测试配置分析了肋骨骨折的时间和位置。
