Update on the pathobiology of neuropathic pain.

Nerve injury or dysfunction in the peripheral and central nervous systems are the leading causes for the development of neuropathies, which are frequently associated with allodynia and hyperalgesia. Treatment of these disorders is often unsatisfactory due to side effects or insufficient analgesia of the currently available drugs. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain is an important prerequisite for the rational development of novel analgesic drugs for the therapy of neuropathic pain. Several proteomic approaches have been performed to explore protein modifications in the nervous system associated with neuropathies in different animal models, which might contribute to the detection of new drug targets. Furthermore, there are proteomic studies investigating human cerebrospinal fluid from patients suffering from neuropathies. The results of these studies and the potential clinical value of the proteomic data are summarized and discussed in this review.