Volkoff Hélène, Xu Meiyu, MacDonald Erin, Hoskins Leah
Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2009 May;153(1):8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.12.001. Epub 2008 Dec 7.
In vertebrates including fish, food intake regulation involves intricate networks of hormones produced by both brain and peripheral tissues. Under optimum conditions, nutritional intake is adequate for basal metabolic needs, growth, development, reproduction, and deposition of energy stores. As fish represent a very diverse group, different fish species live in very different environments and are exposed to variations in a wide range of factors, including not only internal factors, such as nutritional/metabolic status and reproductive events but also environmental factors, such as temperature and photoperiod. These physiological responses often include changes in appetite that might occur through modulations of the gene expression and action of feeding-regulating hormones. Despite recent advances, our current understanding of the regulation of feeding in fish is still limited and based primarily on studies involving a few fish species. This review will give a brief overview of our current knowledge of the regulation of feeding by three central (NPY, OX and CART) and two peripheral (ghrelin and GRP) appetite-related factors in a freshwater species, the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and two marine species, cod (Gadus morhua) and winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus).
在包括鱼类在内的脊椎动物中，食物摄入调节涉及大脑和外周组织产生的复杂激素网络。在最佳条件下，营养摄入足以满足基础代谢需求、生长、发育、繁殖以及能量储备的储存。由于鱼类种类繁多，不同的鱼类生活在截然不同的环境中，面临着广泛因素的变化，这些因素不仅包括内部因素，如营养/代谢状态和繁殖事件，还包括环境因素，如温度和光周期。这些生理反应通常包括食欲的变化，这可能是通过调节与进食调节相关激素的基因表达和作用而发生的。尽管最近取得了进展，但我们目前对鱼类进食调节的理解仍然有限，主要基于对少数鱼类物种的研究。本综述将简要概述我们目前对淡水物种金鱼（Carassius auratus）以及两种海洋物种鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）和美洲拟庸鲽（Pleuronectes americanus）中三种中枢（神经肽Y、促食欲素和可卡因-安非他明调节转录肽）和两种外周（胃饥饿素和胃泌素释放肽）与食欲相关因素调节进食的认识。
