Itokawa H, Thiemig C, Pinnekamp J
Research and Technology Development Division, Japan Sewage Works Agency, Toda, Saitama, Japan.
Water Sci Technol. 2008;58(12):2319-27. doi: 10.2166/wst.2008.581.
The number of membrane bioreactor (MBR) installations is increasing worldwide, not only for small-scale industrial WWTPs but also for larger-scale municipal WWTPs. In Europe, MBR has been installed in municipal WWTPs since late 1990s, and more than 100 full-scale plants are operated at the moment. In this paper, present state of European municipal MBRs is described in terms of design and operating conditions, as well as operating problems and their solutions, based on the information collected from 17 full-scale WWTPs by interview and questionnaire survey. Decisive factors of MBR installation at these plants were footprint and effluent quality. Full-aerobic and pre-denitrification were the most common reactor configurations, nearly half of them being equipped with independent filtration tanks. Operating conditions of bioreactor and filtration, including membrane flux and cleaning strategy, were different from plant to plant, as a result of plant-specific optimization experiences, even among the similar type of membrane. Operating problems specific for MBR were reported, including blocking/failure of pre-screen, sludging/hair-clogging of membrane, damage on membrane unit, air in permeate pipes, as well as conventional troubles including occurrence of scum and initial trouble in instrumentation and control systems. Aspects for further optimization of MBR design were also pointed out by the operators.
膜生物反应器（MBR）装置在全球范围内的数量不断增加，不仅应用于小型工业污水处理厂，也应用于大型城市污水处理厂。在欧洲，自20世纪90年代末以来，MBR已被安装在城市污水处理厂，目前有100多个全尺寸工厂在运行。本文根据通过访谈和问卷调查从17个全尺寸污水处理厂收集的信息，从设计和运行条件、运行问题及其解决方案等方面描述了欧洲城市MBR的现状。这些工厂安装MBR的决定性因素是占地面积和出水水质。全好氧和前置反硝化是最常见的反应器配置，其中近一半配备了独立的过滤池。由于特定工厂的优化经验，即使在类似类型的膜之间，生物反应器和过滤的运行条件，包括膜通量和清洗策略，也因厂而异。报告了MBR特有的运行问题，包括预筛堵塞/故障、膜的污泥/毛发堵塞、膜单元损坏、渗透管中的空气，以及包括浮渣出现和仪表及控制系统的初始故障等常规问题。操作人员还指出了MBR设计进一步优化的方面。
