Kennedy Jeffrey S, Greenberg Richard N
Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Biggs Laboratory, C606, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009 Jan;8(1):13-24. doi: 10.1586/14760584.8.1.13.
Smallpox vaccines based on replicating vaccinia virus are known to elicit rare yet serious adverse events, particularly in human populations with immune deficiency, atopic dermatitis and at the extremes of age. A vaccine that induces protective immune responses equivalent to first-generation smallpox vaccines while reducing the risk for severe adverse events is critical for a national stockpile of smallpox vaccines. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) has been proposed as an immediate solution for vaccination of high-risk individuals. Bavarian Nordic's vaccine MVA-BN (IMVAMUNE) is a MVA strain that is replication incompetent in mammalian cell lines. IMVAMUNE has been administered to more than 1900 human subjects to date, including high-risk populations (e.g., people diagnosed with atopic dermatitis or infected with HIV) in which standard replicating vaccines are contraindicated. We review the Phase I clinical trial safety profile and immune responses and compare them with other smallpox vaccines, including ACAM2000 and Dryvax.
基于复制性痘苗病毒的天花疫苗已知会引发罕见但严重的不良事件，尤其是在免疫缺陷、特应性皮炎人群以及年龄极端的人群中。一种能诱导与第一代天花疫苗相当的保护性免疫反应，同时降低严重不良事件风险的疫苗，对于国家天花疫苗储备至关重要。改良安卡拉痘苗病毒（MVA）已被提议作为高危个体接种疫苗的即时解决方案。巴伐利亚北欧公司的疫苗MVA - BN（IMVAMUNE）是一种在哺乳动物细胞系中无复制能力的MVA毒株。迄今为止，IMVAMUNE已接种给1900多名人类受试者，包括标准复制疫苗禁忌的高危人群（如被诊断患有特应性皮炎或感染艾滋病毒的人）。我们回顾了I期临床试验的安全性概况和免疫反应，并将它们与其他天花疫苗，包括ACAM2000和Dryvax进行比较。
