Demes B, Forchap E, Herwig H
Abt. Funktionelle Morphologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
Z Morphol Anthropol. 1991;78(3):373-85.
Leaping primates often assume a horizontal position while airborne. When the limbs are spread out in such maneuvers, skin folds between the upper limbs and the trunk are exposed. This has led to the assumption that the animals make use of aerodynamic forces for either gliding, steering, or braking before the landing. In terms of physics, aerodynamic lift or aerodynamic drag can cause the described effects. As coefficients of lift and drag are unknown for flying primates, we have calculated those values that give the animals either a 5% gain or loss in leaping distance. These turn out to be in the range of values for cylinder-shaped "blunt" (unstreamlined) bodies. A significant influence of aerodynamic forces on the flight path can therefore be assumed. The smaller-bodied species (e.g., galagos) are more strongly influenced by their great surface areas. Although frontal areas scale positively allometrically with respect to body mass, air speed gains importance in the larger-bodied species (e.g., sifakas). They cover absolutely greater distances and have the higher takeoff velocities. The actual importance of lift and drag cannot be derived from our theoretical calculations but must be determined experimentally.
跳跃的灵长类动物在空中时通常呈水平姿势。当四肢在这种动作中展开时,上肢与躯干之间的皮肤褶皱就会显露出来。这使得人们认为这些动物在着陆前利用空气动力进行滑翔、转向或制动。从物理学角度来看,空气动力升力或空气动力阻力会导致上述效果。由于飞行灵长类动物的升力系数和阻力系数未知,我们计算了那些使动物跳跃距离增加或减少5%的数值。结果发现这些数值处于圆柱形“钝形”(不流线型)物体的数值范围内。因此,可以假定空气动力对飞行路径有显著影响。体型较小的物种(如婴猴)受其较大表面积的影响更大。尽管 frontal areas 相对于体重呈正异速生长,但在体型较大的物种(如大狐猴)中,空气速度变得更加重要。它们跳跃的绝对距离更远,起飞速度也更高。升力和阻力的实际重要性无法从我们的理论计算中得出,而必须通过实验来确定。