Linklater J, Hayter C L, Vu D, Tse K
Castlereagh Sports Imaging, Pacific Highway Crows Nest, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
Skeletal Radiol. 2009 May;38(5):437-49. doi: 10.1007/s00256-008-0615-4. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
Talo-calcaneal coalitions may be intra-articular or extra-articular in position and may be classified as fibrous, cartilaginous or osseous in morphology. Fibrous coalitions, particularly extra-articular talo-calcaneal coalitions, may have cross-sectional imaging findings that resemble normal anatomic variants, particularly the medial talo-calcaneal ligament and to a lesser extent the presence of an accessory articular facet between the posterior margin of the sustentaculum and postero-medial process of the talus. Typically, in the adult fibrous coalition, there will be some osseous deformity at the entheses, allowing differentiation from a medial talo-calcaneal ligament. The anatomy of the subtalar joint and its ligamentous supports, normal anatomic variations and their corresponding imaging appearance are reviewed in the first part of this article. In the second part, the various forms of talo-calcaneal coalition and their imaging appearance are reviewed.
距下关节联合在位置上可能位于关节内或关节外，在形态上可分为纤维性、软骨性或骨性。纤维性联合，尤其是关节外距下关节联合，其横断面成像表现可能类似于正常解剖变异，特别是距跟内侧韧带，以及在较小程度上类似于载距突后缘与距骨后内侧突之间存在副关节面。通常，在成人纤维性联合中，附着处会有一些骨质畸形，从而可与距跟内侧韧带相鉴别。本文第一部分回顾了距下关节及其韧带支持结构的解剖、正常解剖变异及其相应的影像学表现。第二部分则回顾了距下关节联合的各种形式及其影像学表现。
