Carlos-Rivera Fernando, Aguilar-Madrid Guadalupe, Gómez-Montenegro Pablo Anaya, Juárez-Pérez Cuauhtémoc A, Sánchez-Román Francisco Raúl, Durcudoy Montandon Jaqueline E A, Borja-Aburto Víctor Hugo
RAC Salud Consultores, Mexico City, Mexico.
Am J Ind Med. 2009 Mar;52(3):195-201. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20666.
Data on the economic consequences of occupational injuries is scarce in developing countries which prevents the recognition of their economic and social consequences. This study assess the direct heath care costs of work-related accidents in the Mexican Institute of Social Security, the largest health care institution in Latin America, which covered 12,735,856 workers and their families in 2005.
We estimated the cost of treatment for 295,594 officially reported occupational injuries nation wide. A group of medical experts devised treatment algorithms to quantify resource utilization for occupational injuries to which unit costs were applied. Total costs were estimated as the product of the cost per illness and the severity weighted incidence of occupational accidents.
Occupational injury rate was 2.9 per 100 workers. Average medical care cost per case was $2,059 USD. The total cost of the health care of officially recognized injured workers was $753,420,222 USD. If injury rate is corrected for underreporting, the cost for formal injured workers is 791,216,460. If the same costs are applied for informal workers, approximately half of the working population in Mexico, the cost of healthcare for occupational injuries is about 1% of the gross domestic product.
Health care costs of occupational accidents are similar to the economic direct expenditures to compensate death and disability in the social security system in Mexico. However, indirect costs might be as important as direct costs.
在发展中国家，关于职业伤害经济后果的数据稀缺，这妨碍了对其经济和社会后果的认识。本研究评估了拉丁美洲最大的医疗保健机构——墨西哥社会保障局中与工作相关事故的直接医疗保健成本，该机构在2005年覆盖了12,735,856名工人及其家庭。
我们估算了全国295,594起官方报告的职业伤害的治疗成本。一组医学专家设计了治疗算法，以量化职业伤害的资源利用情况，并应用了单位成本。总成本估计为每例疾病成本与职业事故严重程度加权发病率的乘积。
职业伤害率为每100名工人中有2.9例。每例平均医疗保健成本为2,059美元。官方认可的受伤工人的医疗保健总成本为753,420,222美元。如果对漏报情况进行校正后的伤害率，正式受伤工人的成本为791,216,460美元。如果将相同成本应用于非正式工人（墨西哥约一半的劳动人口），职业伤害的医疗保健成本约占国内生产总值的1%。
职业事故的医疗保健成本与墨西哥社会保障系统中补偿死亡和残疾的经济直接支出相似。然而，间接成本可能与直接成本同样重要。
