Ezetimibe in the treatment of uncontrolled hyperlipidemia in kidney transplant patients.

Dyslipidemia is an important complication affecting kidney transplant recipients. Statins, the first-line therapy, are often insufficient. Ezetimibe may be effective in combination with statin therapy. We performed a retrospective study to determine the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe treatment in addition to statin therapy among 27 stable renal transplant patients with uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia. We obtained fasting lipid profiles at 3 and 6 months before ezetimibe therapy, while the patients were receiving statins at maximum tolerated doses. Statin doses were stable during the study. All patients received ezetimibe (10 mg) once daily. Fasting lipid profile, kidney function, liver enzymes, creatine kinase, and immunosuppressive drug levels were obtained at baseline as well as at 3 and 6 months post-ezetimibe initiation. Combination therapy resulted in median reductions in total cholesterol of 29% (interquartile range [IQR] 12-39; P = .0001) and 28% (IQR 9-38; P = .0001); in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 34% (IQR 16-61; P = .0001) and 44% (IQR 24-56; P = .0001); and in triglycerides of 14% (IQR 4-31; P = .01) and 19% (IQR 1-37; P = .006) at 3 and 6 months post-ezetimibe therapy, respectively. There were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, renal function, proteinuria, creatine kinase, amylase, liver function, body mass index, or drug levels. There were no adverse drug reactions that mandated treatment withdrawal. When combined with statin therapy ezetimibe seemed to be a safe and effective treatment for uncontrolled dyslipidemia among renal transplant patients.