音猬因子在胃生理学和肿瘤转化中的作用：是友还是敌？
Sonic hedgehog in gastric physiology and neoplastic transformation: friend or foe?
作者信息
El-Zaatari Mohamad, Saqui-Salces Milena, Waghray Megna, Todisco Andrea, Merchant Juanita L
机构信息
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48198-2200, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Feb;16(1):60-5. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328320a821.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To understand the role of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in normal gastric physiology and neoplastic transformation.
RECENT FINDINGS
Emerging evidence shows that gastric epithelial cells produce Shh ligand, which subsequently targets the mesenchyme. This paracrine signaling event is recapitulated by Shh-producing tumors that signal to the supporting stroma to encourage growth. Primary cilia contain components of the hedgehog signaling apparatus, and thus are typically found on responding stromal cells.
SUMMARY
In the stomach, Shh is produced in epithelial cells and received by responding cells in the mesenchyme. In vitro, Shh enhances gastric acid secretion and induces mucin expression. It remains to be determined whether the canonical signaling pathway mediates the observed epithelial effects. Shh expression and signaling is reduced in chronic gastritis, and Shh(-/-) embryos exhibit hyperplasia and metaplastic changes in the gastric mucosa. After its loss in the corpus, Shh is re-expressed in some gastric carcinomas typically arising in the distal stomach or antrum, suggesting that it promotes tumor growth.
综述目的
了解音猬因子（Shh）在正常胃生理和肿瘤转化中的作用。
最新发现
新出现的证据表明，胃上皮细胞产生Shh配体，随后作用于间充质。产生Shh的肿瘤也会发生这种旁分泌信号事件，肿瘤向支持性基质发出信号以促进生长。初级纤毛包含刺猬信号通路的组成部分，因此通常存在于反应性基质细胞上。
总结
在胃中，Shh由上皮细胞产生，并被间充质中的反应细胞接收。在体外，Shh可增强胃酸分泌并诱导粘蛋白表达。尚需确定经典信号通路是否介导了所观察到的上皮效应。在慢性胃炎中，Shh的表达和信号传导降低，Shh基因敲除（-/-）胚胎的胃黏膜表现出增生和化生变化。在胃体部Shh缺失后，它在一些通常发生于胃远端或胃窦的胃癌中重新表达，这表明它促进肿瘤生长。
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