Bakowska-Zywicka Kamilla, Twardowski Tomasz
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14 Noskowskiego St., 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
Postepy Biochem. 2008;54(3):251-63.
The protein biosynthesis is a complicated process and not fully understood yet. According to smaller size and less complicated structure, understanding of prokaryotic 70S ribosomes is much more advanced. Eucaryotic 80S ribosomes are more complex and generate more difficulties in research. The morphology of 80S ribosome has been pretty well resolved and we know a lot about mechanism of functioning. Determination of the interactions between the ribosomes and the factors taking part in protein biosynthesis is still a great challenge. Dynamic changes of these interactions during particular steps of elongation cycle are quite difficult to understand. Conformational changes of the ribosome are of great functional and regulatory importance during protein biosynthesis. They are essential for the whole gene expression process. Only further research of the structure and function of the ribosome will lead us to knowledge about specificity of the mechanism of their action. In this article we present current opinions concerning structure and function of the eukaryotic ribosomes.
蛋白质生物合成是一个复杂的过程，目前尚未完全被理解。由于原核生物70S核糖体体积较小且结构不太复杂，对其的了解要深入得多。真核生物80S核糖体更为复杂，在研究中产生了更多困难。80S核糖体的形态已经得到了很好的解析，我们对其功能机制也有很多了解。确定核糖体与参与蛋白质生物合成的因子之间的相互作用仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在延伸循环的特定步骤中，这些相互作用的动态变化很难理解。核糖体的构象变化在蛋白质生物合成过程中具有重要的功能和调节意义。它们对于整个基因表达过程至关重要。只有对核糖体的结构和功能进行进一步研究，才能让我们了解其作用机制的特异性。在本文中，我们阐述了关于真核生物核糖体结构和功能的当前观点。
