Bhatia P L
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 1991 Apr-Jun;10(2):158-67.
Observations on nineteen cases of foreign bodies in the air passages have been presented. These mostly got lodged in the right bronchus (42.1%) and larynx (36.8%) while the commonest presenting complaint was respiratory distress. As many as 57.9 percent of our cases were aged two years or less. Large foreign bodies (above 20mm. size) were held up in the oropharynx; irregular and pointed medium sized objects (8-15mm) got stuck in the larynx while small, smooth or linear ones descended to the right bronchus. Absence of positive history, inconsistent clinical features and radiolucency of objects caused difficulty in diagnosis. Slow induction and laryngeal or bronchial spasm during anaesthesia, and fragmentation or impaction of the foreign body posed problems during endoscopic removal. Subglottic, tracheal or laryngeal inlet mucosal oedema were observed after removal of foreign body in six cases. A plea has been made to have a high degree of suspicion of foreign bodies in every child with respiratory symptoms of sudden onset. Endoscopy at the earliest has been recommended for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
本文报告了19例气道异物的观察结果。这些异物大多嵌顿于右支气管（42.1%）和喉部（36.8%），最常见的主诉是呼吸窘迫。我们的病例中多达57.9%年龄在2岁及以下。较大的异物（尺寸超过20mm）停留在口咽部；不规则且尖锐的中等大小物体（8 - 15mm）卡在喉部，而小的、光滑或线状的异物则落入右支气管。无阳性病史、临床特征不一致以及异物的透光性导致诊断困难。麻醉期间诱导缓慢和喉或支气管痉挛，以及异物的破碎或嵌顿在内镜取出过程中带来问题。6例在取出异物后观察到声门下、气管或喉入口黏膜水肿。对于每一个突然出现呼吸道症状的儿童，都应高度怀疑有异物存在。建议尽早进行内镜检查以迅速诊断和治疗。
