Ruhnke T R, Seaman H B
Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, 25112-1000, USA.
Syst Parasitol. 2009 Feb;72(2):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s11230-008-9170-6. Epub 2008 Dec 30.
Three new species of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 are described from dasyatid stingrays collected in the Gulf of California. Anthocephalum michaeli n. sp. is described from Dasyatis longus (Garman). This species most closely resembles A. alicae Ruhnke, 1994, but differs from this species in proglottid number. A. lukei n. sp. is also described from D. longus. This new species is most similar to A. cairae Ruhnke, 1994, but differs from that species in marginal loculi number and number of proglottids. The third new species, A. currani n. sp., is described from D. brevis (Garman). This species is most similar to A. centrurum (Southwell, 1925) Ruhnke, 1994, but differs from that species in marginal loculi number, number of testes and ovarian length. Phyllobothrium kingae Schmidt, 1978 is also consistent in morphology with species of Anthocephalum and is transferred to this genus, forming the new combination Anthocephalum kingae n. comb. This species most closely resembles A. michaeli n. sp., but differs in testicular shape. This brings the total number of species of Anthocephalum to nine. The transfer of the species Phyllobothrium arctowskii Wojciechowska, 1991, P. georgiense Wojciechowska, 1991, P. rakusai Wojciechowska, 1991 and P. siedleckii Wojciechowska, 1991 to Anthocephalum is not warranted, as these four species lack a posteriorly recurved cirrus-sac and a sinuous vagina, and have vitelline follicles uninterrupted by the ovary. Of the nine known species, all are parasitic in batoid fishes, and six are found in species of Dasyatis Garman. The phylogenetic status of Anthocephalum species in relationship to Rhinebothroides Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981, Pararhineothroides Zamparo, Brooks & Barriga, 1999 and other rhinebothriin taxa is discussed.
1890年林顿描述的 Anthocephalum属的三个新物种是根据在加利福尼亚湾采集的鲼形目魟科鱼类标本描述的。米氏 Anthocephalum michaeli新物种是根据长魟 Dasyatis longus（加曼）描述的。该物种与1994年鲁恩克描述的阿氏 Anthocephalum alicae最为相似，但在节片数量上与该物种不同。卢氏 Anthocephalum lukei新物种也是根据长魟 D. longus描述的。这个新物种与1994年鲁恩克描述的凯氏 Anthocephalum cairae最为相似，但在边缘小室数量和节片数量上与该物种不同。第三个新物种，卡氏 Anthocephalum currani新物种，是根据短魟 D. brevis（加曼）描述的。该物种与1994年鲁恩克描述的中央 Anthocephalum centrurum（索思韦尔，1925）最为相似，但在边缘小室数量、睾丸数量和卵巢长度上与该物种不同。1978年施密特描述的金氏 Phyllobothrium kingae在形态上也与 Anthocephalum属的物种一致，因此被转移到该属，形成新组合金氏 Anthocephalum kingae新组合。该物种与米氏 Anthocephalum michaeli新物种最为相似，但在睾丸形状上有所不同。这使得 Anthocephalum属的物种总数达到九个。1991年沃伊切霍夫斯卡描述的北极 Phyllobothrium arctowskii、1991年沃伊切霍夫斯卡描述的格鲁吉亚 Phyllobothrium georgiense、1991年沃伊切霍夫斯卡描述的拉库赛 Phyllobothrium rakusai和1991年沃伊切霍夫斯卡描述的西德莱茨 Phyllobothrium siedleckii转移到 Anthocephalum属并不合理，因为这四个物种没有向后弯曲的阴茎囊和弯曲的阴道，并且卵黄滤泡没有被卵巢中断。在已知的九个物种中，所有物种都寄生于鲼形目鱼类，其中六个物种寄生于加曼描述的魟属 Dasyatis的物种中。讨论了 Anthocephalum属物种与1981年梅斯、布鲁克斯和索尔森描述的 Rhinebothroides、1999年赞帕罗、布鲁克斯和巴里加描述的 Pararhineothroides以及其他 rhinebothriin类群的系统发育关系。
