Klapötke Thomas M, Stierstorfer Jörg
Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Energetic Materials Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jan 28;131(3):1122-34. doi: 10.1021/ja8077522.
Several salts containing the CN7(-) anion were prepared by deprotonation of 5-azido-1H-tetrazole (1). The highly explosive compounds hydrazinium (2), ammonium (3), aminoguanidinium (4), guanidinium (5), lithium (6), sodium (7), potassium (8), cesium (9), and calcium (10) azidotetrazolate were characterized by low temperature single X-ray diffraction. Other analytic methods, such as IR and Raman spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry were performed when possible since some of the metal salts explode spontaneously. 2 contains the highest nitrogen content (87.48%) of all known tetrazole salts. The impact, friction, and electrical spark sensitivity of 2, 3, 4, and 5 were measured, resulting in values which belong to primary explosives. In addition, the heats of formation of 2, 3, and 4 were calculated using the CBS-4M level of quantum mechanical theory. These, in turn, were used to estimate detonation pressure p(C-J) and velocity D(det) as well as the specific impulse I(sp).
通过对5-叠氮基-1H-四唑(1)进行去质子化反应,制备了几种含有CN7(-)阴离子的盐。通过低温单X射线衍射对高爆炸性化合物肼鎓(2)、铵(3)、氨基胍鎓(4)、胍鎓(5)、锂(6)、钠(7)、钾(8)、铯(9)和钙(10)叠氮基四唑盐进行了表征。由于一些金属盐会自发爆炸,因此在可能的情况下还进行了其他分析方法,如红外和拉曼光谱、多核核磁共振光谱、质谱和差示扫描量热法。2是所有已知四唑盐中氮含量最高的(87.48%)。测量了2、3、4和5的撞击、摩擦和电火花敏感度,结果表明它们属于起爆药。此外,使用量子力学理论的CBS-4M水平计算了2、3和4的生成热。这些生成热进而被用于估算爆轰压力p(C-J)、速度D(det)以及比冲I(sp)。