Le Floch-Prigent P, Gillot J-B, Uhl J-F, Prévoteau C
Laboratoire d'anatomie, UFR de médecine Paris, Ile de France-Ouest, université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
Morphologie. 2009 Mar;93(300):20-6. doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2008.11.001. Epub 2009 Jan 4.
The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of a 19th century anatomical model of an ear by Auzoux (a French manufacturer). It measured 63 cm in length; 43 cm in width; 37 cm in height. The disassembled parts were studied on the morphological aspect in its whole and after removing of its components: external ear (43 cm x 23 cm x 15 cm), tympanic drum and middle ear ossicles; cochleo-vestibular apparatus. The main dimensions of each part were recorded. The arterial vascularisation of the three components of the ear and its sensitive and sensorial nervous system were established on the model which represented the external carotid artery with its terminal bifurcation, several collateral branches specially the posterior auricular artery and the middle meningeal artery; the internal carotid artery at the two extremities of the carotid canal. The cochleo-vestibular and facial nerve as well as other elements of small calibre were exactly figured and labelled by a number. The middle ear components were disassembled. The ossicles of the middle ear and a dried peritoneal tympanic membrane were dismountable as a whole. Only a few minor modification from the admitted data of anatomy as well as the cutaneous muscles of the external ear were observed on this sample, the anatomical aspects of which were very precisely represented. The material was typical of the Auzoux manner: a special papier-mâché whose conception and realization remains unequalled. This kind of very rare model can be dated at the earliest 1835 (Lemire, 1990).
本研究的目的是确定法国制造商奥祖（Auzoux）制作的19世纪耳部解剖模型的准确性。该模型长63厘米，宽43厘米，高37厘米。对拆解后的部件进行了整体形态学研究，并在移除其组成部分后进行了研究：外耳（43厘米×23厘米×15厘米）、鼓膜和中耳听小骨；蜗管前庭器。记录了各部分的主要尺寸。在该模型上确定了耳部三个组成部分的动脉血管分布及其感觉和感官神经系统，该模型展示了颈外动脉及其终末分支、几个侧支分支，特别是耳后动脉和脑膜中动脉；颈动脉管两端的颈内动脉。蜗管前庭神经和面神经以及其他小口径的结构都被精确绘制并用数字标注。中耳部件被拆解。中耳听小骨和干燥的腹膜鼓膜可作为一个整体拆卸。在这个样本上，仅观察到与公认的解剖数据以及外耳皮肤肌肉的一些细微差异，其解剖结构得到了非常精确的呈现。该材料具有奥祖制作方式的典型特征：一种特殊的纸浆模型，其构思和制作至今无与伦比。这种非常罕见的模型最早可追溯到1835年（勒米尔，1990年）。
