Pittman D J, Staudenmeier W J, Kaplan A
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130.
Br J Addict. 1991 Aug;86(8):967-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01857.x.
Formal and informal social control in shaping individual behaviors toward the use of alcohol and other drugs is discussed. Emphasis is placed on formal social control as it occurs in two major institutions. The state, which embodies the political and legal structures of the society is discussed in terms of the social control of some of the consequences of drinking, such as public drunkenness, alcoholism, operating vehicles with specific blood alcohol levels, and crime and alcohol use. The medical institution's involvement in alcohol and drug control is discussed in terms of the physician's role in diagnosing alcohol and drug dependent individuals. Two contemporary cases, those of pregnant addicts and alcohol-related organ transplant patients, illustrate the significant interactions between the responses of the political and medical institutions, and the broader influences that help shape these responses.
本文讨论了正式和非正式社会控制对个人饮酒及使用其他药物行为的塑造作用。重点关注正式社会控制在两个主要机构中的表现。作为社会政治和法律结构体现的国家，在对饮酒的一些后果进行社会控制方面进行了讨论，比如公众醉酒、酗酒、在特定血液酒精含量水平下驾驶车辆以及犯罪与饮酒的关系。医疗机构在酒精和药物控制方面的参与，则从医生诊断酒精和药物依赖个体的角色角度进行了探讨。两个当代案例，即怀孕成瘾者和酒精相关器官移植患者的案例，说明了政治机构和医疗机构的应对措施之间的显著相互作用，以及有助于塑造这些应对措施的更广泛影响。
