Hilbig Benjamin E, Pohl Rüdiger F
Center for Doctoral Studies in Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Exp Psychol. 2008;55(6):394-401. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169.55.6.394.
The recognition heuristic is hypothesized to be a frugal inference strategy assuming that inferences are based on the recognition cue alone. This assumption, however, has been questioned by existing research. At the same time most studies rely on the proportion of choices consistent with the heuristic as a measure of its use which may not be fully appropriate. In this study, we propose an index to identify true users of the heuristic contrasting them to decision makers who incorporate further knowledge beyond recognition. The properties and the applicability of the proposed index are investigated in the reanalyses of four published experiments and corroborated by a new study drawn up to rectify the shortcomings of the reanalyzed experiments. Applying the proposed index to explore the influence of knowledge we found that participants who were more knowledgeable made use of the information available to them and achieved the highest proportion of correct inferences.
识别启发式被假设为一种节俭的推理策略，即假设推理仅基于识别线索。然而，这一假设受到了现有研究的质疑。同时，大多数研究依赖与启发式一致的选择比例作为其使用程度的衡量标准，这可能并不完全合适。在本研究中，我们提出了一个指标来识别启发式的真正使用者，并将他们与纳入识别之外更多知识的决策者进行对比。在对四项已发表实验的重新分析中，研究了所提出指标的性质和适用性，并通过一项为纠正重新分析实验的缺点而设计的新研究进行了验证。应用所提出的指标来探究知识的影响，我们发现知识更丰富的参与者利用了他们可获得的信息，并实现了最高比例的正确推理。
