Antretter Elfi, Dunkel Dirk, Haring Christian
Unit for Clinical Research and Evaluation, Psychiatric State Hospital Hall, Hall, Austria.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009 Jan-Feb;31(1):67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.07.009. Epub 2008 Sep 2.
Few studies have investigated gender-specific excess mortality in suicidal patients. The objective of this study was to examine the risk of dying from all causes of death in male and female suicidal patients.
This study included 4140 patients who received psychiatric treatment in two Austrian hospitals after non-fatal suicidal behavior between 1989 and 2001. Mortality was prospectively assessed for a maximum follow-up period of 17 years (1989-2005). Gender-specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated for all causes of death. Rate ratios were used to assess gender differences.
Males but not females had an elevated risk to die from "natural" causes of death. Mortality from "unnatural" causes of death, particularly suicide, was elevated in both genders. The female suicide risk markedly exceeded the risk for males. In both genders, mortality caused by substance use disorders was considerably elevated.
Significant gender differences in the excess mortality of suicidal patients underline the need for gender-specific research in psychiatry.
很少有研究调查自杀患者中特定性别的超额死亡率。本研究的目的是检验男性和女性自杀患者各种死因的死亡风险。
本研究纳入了1989年至2001年间在奥地利两家医院因非致命性自杀行为接受精神科治疗的4140名患者。对死亡率进行前瞻性评估，最长随访期为17年（1989年至2005年）。计算了所有死因的特定性别标准化死亡率。采用率比来评估性别差异。
男性而非女性因“自然”死因死亡的风险升高。男女因“非自然”死因死亡，尤其是自杀的死亡率均升高。女性自杀风险明显超过男性。在两性中，物质使用障碍导致的死亡率均显著升高。
自杀患者超额死亡率存在显著性别差异，这凸显了精神病学中进行针对性别研究的必要性。
