Lafontan M
Inserm U858, Institute of Molecular Medicine of Rangueil, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, Toulouse, France.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Dec;32 Suppl 7:S39-51. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.237.
This review will focus on the recent findings in adipose tissue metabolism with special attention to human adipocyte biology and physiology. There are major advances stemming from the concomitant results obtained from studies on mature human adipocytes, human preadipocytes differentiated in vitro and murine adipose cell lines. Physiological developments have been based on the expanded utilization of various kinds of murine transgenic models and physiological techniques such as microdialysis, open-flow microperfusion, arteriovenous techniques and the utilization of deuterium- or tritium-labelled metabolites that have provided a number of physiological advances in the understanding of human adipose tissue physiology. Gene expression profiling studies and nutrigenomics are emerging methods that herald interesting approaches for the future. An overview of recent discoveries in the mechanisms involved in the control of free fatty acid uptake, triacylglycerol synthesis and fat deposition will be discussed, as well as recent advances in the mechanisms involved in the lipolytic pathways, the role of lipases and perilipins. In addition, the in vivo validation of catecholamine action and the discovery of the lipolytic effects of natriuretic peptides will also be covered.
本综述将聚焦于脂肪组织代谢的最新研究成果，特别关注人类脂肪细胞的生物学和生理学。对成熟人类脂肪细胞、体外分化的人类前脂肪细胞以及小鼠脂肪细胞系的研究取得了一些重要进展。生理学的发展基于多种小鼠转基因模型和生理学技术的广泛应用，如微透析、开放流微灌注、动静脉技术以及利用氘或氚标记的代谢物，这些技术为理解人类脂肪组织生理学带来了诸多生理学进展。基因表达谱研究和营养基因组学是新兴方法，为未来带来了有趣的研究途径。本文将讨论近期在游离脂肪酸摄取、三酰甘油合成和脂肪沉积控制机制方面的发现，以及脂解途径、脂肪酶和 perilipin 作用机制的最新进展。此外，还将涵盖儿茶酚胺作用的体内验证以及利钠肽脂解作用的发现。
