Marović Gordana, Franić Zdenko, Sencar Jasminka, Bituh Tomislav, Vugrinec Ozren
Radiation Protection Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2008 Oct;32 Suppl 2:109-14.
Mosses, lichens, mushrooms are able to efficiently accumulate different radioactive elements from their environment to a much higher degree than other vegetation. They are sensitive bioindicators of radioactive contamination for various ecosystems, particularly in the event of a nuclear accident and uncontrolled emission oh fission products. Results of systematic, long-term measurements of 137Cs activities in mosses and in some edible mushroom species in North Croatia for the post-Chernobyl period (1986-2007) are summarized. The study was conducted in the Radiation Protection Unit of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health in Zagreb, as a part of an extensive monitoring program of the Croatian environment. In the overall observed period the highest activity concentration of 137Cs deposited by fallout has been recorded in 1986, which is the year of Chernobyl accident, causing peak S7Cs activity concentration in moss of 8800 Bq/kg in May 1986. In the same period mean 137Cs activity concentration in grass was 390 Bq/kg. The highest value of 137Cs activity concentration in Cortinarius caperatus mushrooms of 1351 Bq/kg has been recorded in 1989. Fitting the measured 137Cs activity concentrations to the theoretical curve the ecological half-life of 137Cs in moss was found to be around 978 days, in grass around 126 days in the period 1986-1990, in Cortinarius caperatus mushroom around 5865 days (16.1 years). Regarding the risk assessment to Croatian population, due to consumption of mushrooms, the collective effective dose for Croatian population, estimated to be about 35 mSv per year, was found to be quite low. Therefore, it can be concluded that mushroom consumption was not a critical pathway for the transfer of radiocaesium from fallout to humans after the Chernobyl accident.
苔藓、地衣和蘑菇能够比其他植被更高效地从其环境中积累不同的放射性元素，积累程度要高得多。它们是各种生态系统放射性污染的敏感生物指示物，尤其是在发生核事故和裂变产物无控制排放的情况下。本文总结了后切尔诺贝利时期（1986 - 2007年）在克罗地亚北部对苔藓和一些可食用蘑菇物种中137Cs活度进行的系统长期测量结果。该研究由萨格勒布医学研究与职业健康研究所辐射防护部门开展，是克罗地亚环境广泛监测项目的一部分。在整个观测期内，沉降物中137Cs的最高活度浓度记录于1986年，即切尔诺贝利事故发生的那一年，导致1986年5月苔藓中137Cs活度浓度峰值达到8800 Bq/kg。同一时期，草中137Cs的平均活度浓度为390 Bq/kg。1989年记录到皱盖盔孢伞蘑菇中137Cs活度浓度的最高值为1351 Bq/kg。将测量的137Cs活度浓度与理论曲线拟合后发现，1986 - 1990年期间，137Cs在苔藓中的生态半衰期约为978天，在草中约为126天，在皱盖盔孢伞蘑菇中约为5865天（16.1年）。关于对克罗地亚人口的风险评估，由于食用蘑菇，估计克罗地亚人口的集体有效剂量约为每年35 mSv，发现该剂量相当低。因此，可以得出结论，切尔诺贝利事故后，食用蘑菇并非放射性铯从沉降物转移到人类的关键途径。
