Validation of medium-pressure UV disinfection reactors by Lagrangian actinometry using dyed microspheres.

Lagrangian actinometry (LA) has been demonstrated to represent an alternative to conventional biodosimetry for validation of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems used in drinking water treatment. However, previous applications of LA for this purpose have all involved monochromatic (lambda = 254 nm) UV reactor systems. To address this issue, dyed microspheres (DMS) were applied for quantification of dose distribution delivery by field-scale UV reactor systems based on medium-pressure Hg lamp (MP) technology. These MP reactor systems are characterized by polychromatic output. Dose distribution estimates developed by LA for these reactors were reported as equivalent 254 nm distributions. When combined with the UV(254) dose-response behavior for challenge organisms used in simultaneous or parallel biodosimetry experiments, the dose distribution estimates developed from the microspheres yielded estimates of challenge organism inactivation that were in agreement with measured values. For one of the reactors tested, biodosimetry tests were conducted with two challenge organisms that had different UV dose-response behavior; UV dose distribution estimates from LA yielded predictions of microbial inactivation that were in agreement with measured inactivation responses for both challenge organisms for all test conditions. It is likely that the agreement between LA results and biodosimetry data was related, in part, to the agreement between the action spectra of the microspheres and the challenge organisms. Because LA yields a measure of the UV dose distribution delivered by a reactor, the information from LA assays will eliminate many sources of uncertainty in the design and operation of UV systems, thereby allowing for implementation of UV reactor systems that are less expensive than their predecessors, yet more reliable.