Parnaudeau V, Génermont S, Hénault C, Farrugia A, Robert P, Nicolardot B
INRA, UR1158, Unité d'Agronomie, BP 224, F-51686 Reims cedex 2.
J Environ Qual. 2009 Jan 13;38(1):268-80. doi: 10.2134/jeq2007.0486. Print 2009 Jan-Feb.
The aims of this study were to (i) assess N fluxes (mineralization, volatilization, denitrification, leaching) caused by spreading various organic wastes from food-processing industries during a field experiment, and (ii) to identify the main factors affecting N transformation processes after field spreading. Experimental treatments including the spreading of six types of waste and a control soil were set up in August 2000 and studied for 22 mo under bare soil conditions. Ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, and nitrogen mineralization were measured in experimental devices and extrapolated to field conditions or computed in calculation models. The ammonia emissions varied from 80 to 580 g kg(-1) NH4+-N applied, representing 0 to 90 g N kg(-1) total N applied. Under these meteorologically favorable conditions (dry and warm weather), waste pH was the main factor affecting volatilization rates. Cumulated N2O-N fluxes were estimated at 2 to 5 g kg(-1) total N applied, which was quite low due to the low soil water content during the experimental period; water-filled pore space (WFPS) was confirmed as the main factor affecting N2O fluxes. Nitrogen mineralization from wastes represented 126 to 723 g N kg(-1) organic N added from the incorporation date to 14 May 2001 and was not related to the organic C to organic N ratio of wastes. Nitrogen lost by leaching during the equivalent period ranged from 30 to 890 g kg(-1) total N applied. The highest values were obtained for wastes having the highest inorganic N content and mineralization rates.
（i）在田间试验期间评估因施用食品加工业的各种有机废弃物而产生的氮通量（矿化、挥发、反硝化、淋溶），以及（ii）确定田间施用后影响氮转化过程的主要因素。2000年8月设置了包括六种废弃物施撒和对照土壤的试验处理，并在裸土条件下研究了22个月。在试验装置中测量了氨和氧化亚氮排放以及氮矿化，并外推至田间条件或在计算模型中进行计算。氨排放量在施氮量为80至580 g kg⁻¹ NH₄⁺-N之间变化，相当于施氮总量中氮损失为0至90 g N kg⁻¹。在这些气象条件有利（干燥温暖天气）的情况下，废弃物的pH值是影响挥发率的主要因素。估计累积氧化亚氮-氮通量为施氮总量的2至5 g kg⁻¹，由于试验期间土壤含水量较低，该值相当低；证实土壤充水孔隙率（WFPS）是影响氧化亚氮通量的主要因素。从废弃物中矿化的氮从添加日期到2001年5月14日为126至723 g N kg⁻¹添加的有机氮，且与废弃物的有机碳与有机氮比率无关。同期因淋溶损失的氮量在施氮总量的30至890 g kg⁻¹之间。无机氮含量和矿化率最高的废弃物获得了最高值。
