Leone Amanda, Picker Louis J, Sodora Donald L
Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Curr HIV Res. 2009 Jan;7(1):83-90. doi: 10.2174/157016209787048519.
While highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens have proven to be effective in controlling active HIV replication, complete recovery of CD4+ T cells does not always occur, even among patients with high level virologic control. Recent advances in understanding the biology of T cell production and homeostasis have created the potential to augment anti-viral therapies with immunotherapies designed to facilitate recovery of the HIV-damaged immune system, in particular, the recovery of CD4+ T cell populations. The common gamma-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 are primary regulators of T cell homeostasis and thus have been considered prime candidate immunotherapeutics, both for increasing T cell levels/function and for augmenting vaccine-elicited viral-specific T cell responses. Recent studies have established that these cytokines have distinct functional roles in immune homeostasis, which focus on specific T cell populations. The ability of these cytokines to provide immunotherapeutic benefit to HIV+ patients will depend on their ability to stably increase or functionally enhance the desired T cell target population without adverse virologic or clinical consequences.
虽然高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）方案已被证明在控制活跃的HIV复制方面有效，但即使在病毒学控制水平较高的患者中，CD4 + T细胞也并非总能完全恢复。在理解T细胞产生和稳态生物学方面的最新进展，使得利用旨在促进HIV损伤免疫系统恢复，特别是CD4 + T细胞群体恢复的免疫疗法增强抗病毒治疗成为可能。常见的γ链细胞因子IL-2、IL-7和IL-15是T细胞稳态的主要调节因子，因此被认为是增加T细胞水平/功能以及增强疫苗引发的病毒特异性T细胞反应的主要候选免疫治疗药物。最近的研究表明，这些细胞因子在免疫稳态中具有不同的功能作用，主要集中在特定的T细胞群体上。这些细胞因子为HIV阳性患者提供免疫治疗益处的能力，将取决于它们在不产生不良病毒学或临床后果的情况下，稳定增加或功能增强所需T细胞靶群体的能力。
