Body impedance measurements during dialysis.

Changes in body weight in relation to changes in body impedance were studied in six male and four female patients before and during dialysis. Before dialysis, fat-free mass from skinfolds was 46.5 +/- 6.8 kg, and total body water calculated from bio-electrical impedance was 36.9 +/- 5.2 kg. Body water expressed as a percentage of fat-free mass was calculated to be 80 +/- 4%. Mean weight loss, which was assumed to be only loss of water, was 2.7 +/- 0.7 kg. Total body impedance increased by 80 +/- 16 omega from 495 +/- 39 omega to 575 +/- 47 omega. Weight loss and increase in body impedance were highly correlated (r = -0.91, P less than 0.001). However, based on prediction formulas for total body water from bio-electrical impedance, the observed weight (water) loss should be associated with an increase in impedance of only 39 +/- 11 omega. It is concluded that the impedance value before dialysis is a relatively low value, due to the low specific resistivity of the excess of extra-cellular water in the body before dialysis. As a consequence, prediction formulas for body composition from bio-electrical impedance, developed in normal hydrated subjects, overestimate body composition (total body water, fat-free mass) in subjects with oedema.