Prestileo T, Argo A, Triolo V, Zerbo S, Procaccianti P
U.O.C. di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Casa del Sole e Pisani, ASL 6, Palermo, Italy.
Infez Med. 2008 Dec;16(4):200-3.
AIDS is a clinical picture related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. In the last 20 years this infection has spread progressively, with approximately 2.4 million children under 15 years old now infected. The HIV antibody test is generally used to reveal the infection. In most European countries the test is voluntary; in Italy, implementation of the test is now regulated by Law 135/90. Art. 5 of the law states that the test is voluntary while informed consent is obligatory. However, nothing is stated concerning the child's consent. By contrast, other Italian laws (e.g., Law 194/78, Law 194/96 and DPR 309/90) establish that the physician should only accept the wishes of minors after first appraising the maturity of the child and his/her age. Physicians must inform the minor about testing risks, about the meaning of its result, and about the most important aspects of sexual education.. They may then decide to inform the parents if they feel that the child would be unable to take future decisions in the event of a positive HIV antibody test.
艾滋病是一种与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染相关的临床症状。在过去20年里，这种感染呈渐进性蔓延，目前约有240万15岁以下儿童受到感染。HIV抗体检测通常用于揭示感染情况。在大多数欧洲国家，检测是自愿的；在意大利，检测的实施现在由第135/90号法律规定。该法律第5条规定检测是自愿的，但知情同意是强制性的。然而，关于儿童的同意却未作任何规定。相比之下，意大利的其他法律（如第194/78号法律、第194/96号法律和总统令第309/90号）规定，医生在首先评估儿童的成熟程度及其年龄后，才应接受未成年人的意愿。医生必须告知未成年人检测风险、检测结果的意义以及性教育的最重要方面。然后，如果他们认为孩子在HIV抗体检测呈阳性的情况下无法做出未来决定，他们可以决定告知家长。
