Neuhoff John G, Planisek Rianna, Seifritz Erich
Department of Psychology, College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Feb;35(1):225-34. doi: 10.1037/a0013159.
In 4 experiments, the authors examined sex differences in audiospatial perception of sounds that moved toward and away from the listener. Experiment 1 showed that both men and women underestimated the time-to-arrival of full-cue looming sounds. However, this perceptual bias was significantly stronger among women than among men. In Experiment 2, listeners estimated the terminal distance of sounds that approached but stopped before reaching them. Women perceived the looming sounds as closer than did men. However, in Experiment 3, with greater statistical power, the authors found no sex difference in the perceived distance of sounds that traveled away from the listener, demonstrating a sex-based specificity for auditory looming perception. Experiment 4 confirmed these results using equidistant looming and receding sounds. The findings suggest that sex differences in auditory looming perception are not due to general differences in audiospatial ability, but rather illustrate the environmental salience and evolutionary importance of perceiving looming objects.
在4项实验中，作者研究了声音朝着或远离听众移动时听觉空间感知的性别差异。实验1表明，男性和女性都低估了具有完整线索的逼近声音的到达时间。然而，这种感知偏差在女性中比在男性中明显更强。在实验2中，听众估计了接近但在到达之前停止的声音的最终距离。女性比男性将逼近的声音感知得更近。然而，在实验3中，由于具有更大的统计效力，作者发现对于远离听众的声音，在感知距离上不存在性别差异，这表明听觉逼近感知存在基于性别的特异性。实验4使用等距的逼近和远离声音证实了这些结果。研究结果表明，听觉逼近感知中的性别差异并非由于听觉空间能力的一般差异，而是说明了感知逼近物体在环境中的显著性和进化重要性。
