Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
New Phytol. 2009 Mar;181(4):960-973. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02728.x.
Plants have often been moved across the globe with intact root systems. These roots are likely to have housed symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi and the movement of plants may have facilitated the introduction of EM fungi.Here, we report data compiled from a newly created database of EM fungal introductions.We estimate the magnitude of EM fungal introductions around the world and examine patterns associated with these introductions. We also use the data to develop a framework for understanding the invasion biology of EM fungi.At least 200 species of basidiomycete and ascomycete EM fungi have been moved from native ranges to novel habitats. The majority of recorded introductions are associated with Pinus or Eucalyptus plantations in the southern hemisphere. Most introduced species appear to be constrained from spreading in novel habitats and associate only with their introduced hosts. Aspects of life history, including host range, may influence the ability of EM species to establish or invade. Human-caused introductions of EM fungi are a common and global phenomenon.The mechanisms controlling EM fungi in novel habitats and potential impacts of EM fungal introductions are almost entirely unknown.
植物通常会带着完整的根系在全球范围内移动。这些根系可能容纳了共生的外生菌根（EM）真菌，而植物的移动可能促进了 EM 真菌的引入。在这里，我们报告了一个新创建的 EM 真菌引入数据库中汇总的数据。我们估计了世界各地 EM 真菌引入的规模，并研究了与这些引入相关的模式。我们还利用这些数据来构建一个理解 EM 真菌入侵生物学的框架。至少有 200 种担子菌和子囊菌 EM 真菌已从原生范围转移到新的栖息地。记录的大多数引入都与南半球的松树或桉树种植园有关。大多数引入的物种似乎受到限制，无法在新栖息地中传播，仅与它们的引入宿主相关联。生活史的各个方面，包括宿主范围，可能会影响 EM 物种建立或入侵的能力。人类引起的 EM 真菌的引入是一种常见且全球性的现象。控制新栖息地中 EM 真菌的机制以及 EM 真菌引入的潜在影响几乎完全未知。
