Kinge Tonjock Rosemary, Goldman Gary, Jacobs Adriaana, Ndiritu George Gatere, Gryzenhout Marieka
Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon University of Bamenda Bambili Cambodia.
MycoKeys. 2020 Feb 5;63:1-48. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.63.36566. eCollection 2020.
Macrofungi are considered as organisms that form large fruiting bodies above or below the ground that are visible without the aid of a microscope. These fungi include most basidiomycetes and a small number of ascomycetes. Macrofungi have different ecological roles and uses, where some are edible, medicinal, poisonous, decomposers, saprotrophs, predators and pathogens, and they are often used for innovative biotechnological, medicinal and ecological applications. However, comprehensive checklists, and compilations on the diversity and distribution of mushrooms are lacking for South Africa, which makes regulation, conservation and inclusion in national biodiversity initiatives difficult. In this review, we compiled a checklist of macrofungi for the first time (excluding lichens). Data were compiled based on available literature in journals, books and fungorium records from the National Collection of Fungi. Even if the list is not complete due to numerous unreported species present in South Africa, it still represents an overview of the current knowledge of the macromycetes of South Africa. The list of names enables the assessment of gaps in collections and knowledge on the fungal biodiversity of South Africa, and downstream applications such as defining residency status of species. It provides a foundation for new names to be added in future towards developing a list that will be as complete as possible, and that can be used by a wide audience including scientists, authorities and the public.
大型真菌被认为是能在地面之上或之下形成大型子实体的生物，无需借助显微镜即可看见。这些真菌包括大多数担子菌和少数子囊菌。大型真菌具有不同的生态作用和用途，其中一些可食用、药用、有毒、是分解者、腐生菌、捕食者和病原体，并且它们常被用于创新的生物技术、医学和生态应用。然而，南非缺乏关于蘑菇多样性和分布的综合清单及汇编资料，这使得监管、保护以及将其纳入国家生物多样性倡议变得困难。在本综述中，我们首次编制了大型真菌（不包括地衣）清单。数据是根据期刊、书籍中的现有文献以及国家真菌收藏馆的真菌记录汇编而成的。即便由于南非存在众多未报告的物种，该清单并不完整，但它仍代表了对南非大型真菌当前知识的概述。这份名录有助于评估南非真菌生物多样性在收集和认知方面的差距，以及诸如确定物种居留状况等后续应用。它为未来添加新名称以形成一份尽可能完整的清单奠定了基础，该清单可供包括科学家、政府部门和公众在内的广大受众使用。
