Brown E R
School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1772.
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(3):441-56. doi: 10.2190/AKCP-L5A4-MXXQ-DW9K.
Health status is directly affected by environmental conditions and by personal health-related behaviors, and it is indirectly affected by environmental conditions that themselves influence health behaviors. A comprehensive approach to health promotion, therefore, should encourage individuals to adopt and maintain personal behaviors that would prevent disease and promote health; discourage health-damaging personal behaviors by individuals and facilitate people engaging in health-promoting behaviors; and eliminate health hazards from the physical and social environment and make that environment more health-promoting. This comprehensive approach would require social and community action to change environmental conditions as well as efforts to change individual behavior. A model of health promotion interventions is developed within which community action plays a central role. The author then presents a model of community organization to influence public policy to achieve health promotion goals. The community organization model, previously tested in comparative case-study research, is illustrated with examples drawn from appropriate health promotion programs.
健康状况直接受到环境条件和个人健康相关行为的影响，并且间接受本身影响健康行为的环境条件的影响。因此，一种全面的健康促进方法应鼓励个人采取并保持能够预防疾病和促进健康的个人行为；劝阻个人的有害健康的个人行为，并促使人们参与促进健康的行为；消除自然和社会环境中的健康危害，并使该环境更有利于促进健康。这种全面的方法需要社会和社区采取行动来改变环境条件，以及努力改变个人行为。本文构建了一个健康促进干预模型，其中社区行动发挥着核心作用。作者随后提出了一个社区组织模型，以影响公共政策以实现健康促进目标。这个先前在比较案例研究中经过测试的社区组织模型，通过从适当的健康促进项目中选取的例子进行说明。
