Nagy Maria, Wu Hui-Chuan, Liu Zhonghua, Kedzierska-Mieszkowska Sabina, Zolkiewski Michal
Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
Protein Sci. 2009 Feb;18(2):287-93. doi: 10.1002/pro.36.
Hexameric AAA+ ATPases induce conformational changes in a variety of macromolecules. AAA+ structures contain the nucleotide-binding P-loop with the Walker A sequence motif: GxxGxGK(T/S). A subfamily of AAA+ sequences contains Asn in the Walker A motif instead of Thr or Ser. This noncanonical subfamily includes torsinA, an ER protein linked to human dystonia and DnaC, a bacterial helicase loader. Role of the noncanonical Walker A motif in the functionality of AAA+ ATPases has not been explored yet. To determine functional effects of introduction of Asn into the Walker A sequence, we replaced the Walker-A Thr with Asn in ClpB, a bacterial AAA+ chaperone which reactivates aggregated proteins. We found that the T-to-N mutation in Walker A partially inhibited the ATPase activity of ClpB, but did not affect the ClpB capability to associate into hexamers. Interestingly, the noncanonical Walker A sequence in ClpB induced preferential binding of ADP vs. ATP and uncoupled the linkage between the ATP-bound conformation and the high-affinity binding to protein aggregates. As a consequence, ClpB with the noncanonical Walker A sequence showed a low chaperone activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate a novel role of the Walker-A Thr in sensing the nucleotide's gamma-phosphate and in maintaining an allosteric linkage between the P-loop and the aggregate binding site of ClpB. We postulate that AAA+ ATPases with the noncanonical Walker A might utilize distinct mechanisms to couple the ATPase cycle with their substrate-remodeling activity.
六聚体AAA+ ATP酶可诱导多种大分子发生构象变化。AAA+结构包含带有沃克A序列基序GxxGxGK(T/S)的核苷酸结合P环。AAA+序列的一个亚家族在沃克A基序中含有天冬酰胺而非苏氨酸或丝氨酸。这个非典型亚家族包括与人类肌张力障碍相关的内质网蛋白扭转蛋白A和细菌解旋酶装载蛋白DnaC。非典型沃克A基序在AAA+ ATP酶功能中的作用尚未得到探索。为了确定将天冬酰胺引入沃克A序列的功能影响,我们将细菌AAA+伴侣蛋白ClpB(可使聚集蛋白重新激活)沃克A序列中的苏氨酸替换为天冬酰胺。我们发现沃克A序列中的T到N突变部分抑制了ClpB的ATP酶活性,但不影响ClpB形成六聚体的能力。有趣的是,ClpB中的非典型沃克A序列诱导了ADP相对于ATP的优先结合,并解开了ATP结合构象与与蛋白质聚集体的高亲和力结合之间的联系。因此,具有非典型沃克A序列的ClpB在体外和体内均表现出低伴侣活性。我们的结果证明了沃克A苏氨酸在感知核苷酸γ-磷酸以及维持ClpB的P环与聚集体结合位点之间的变构联系方面的新作用。我们推测具有非典型沃克A的AAA+ ATP酶可能利用不同机制将ATP酶循环与其底物重塑活性联系起来。