Morton Alec, Airoldi Mara, Phillips Lawrence D
Operational Research Group, Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, UK.
Risk Anal. 2009 May;29(5):764-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01192.x. Epub 2009 Jan 28.
In 2003, the UK government set up a broad-based Committee on radioactive waste management (CoRWM) to look at the UK's policy on radioactive waste management with a view to jumpstarting a stalled policy process. The committee's brief was to come up with a set of recommendations that would protect the public and the environment, and be capable of inspiring public confidence. After consulting widely with the public and stakeholders, and drawing on advice from scientists and other experts, CoRWM arrived at a remarkably well-received set of recommendations. On the basis of our experiences of working on CoRWM's multi-criteria decision analysis of different management options, study of CoRWM documentation, and interviews with committee members, we describe the explicit and implicit principles that guided CoRWM. We also give an account of the process by which CoRWM arrived at its conclusions, covering four phases: framing, shortlisting, option assessment, and integration; and four cross-cutting activities: public and stakeholder engagement (PSE), science and engineering input, ethics and social science input, and learning from overseas practice. We finish by outlining some of the key developments in the UK's radioactive waste management process, which followed on from the publication of CoRWM's report, and present our reflections for the benefit of the risk and decision analysts of future committees that, like CoRWM, are charged with recommending to government on the management of technically complex and risky technologies, drawing on extensive public and stakeholder consultation.
2003年，英国政府成立了一个基础广泛的放射性废物管理委员会（CoRWM），以审视英国的放射性废物管理政策，旨在重启停滞不前的政策进程。该委员会的任务是提出一套既能保护公众和环境，又能激发公众信心的建议。在广泛征求公众和利益相关者意见，并借鉴科学家和其他专家的建议后，CoRWM得出了一套广受好评的建议。基于我们参与CoRWM对不同管理选项进行多标准决策分析的经验、对CoRWM文件的研究以及对委员会成员的访谈，我们阐述了指导CoRWM的明确和隐含原则。我们还介绍了CoRWM得出结论的过程，涵盖四个阶段：框架构建、入围筛选、选项评估和整合；以及四项贯穿各阶段的活动：公众和利益相关者参与（PSE）、科学与工程投入、伦理与社会科学投入以及借鉴海外实践经验。最后，我们概述了CoRWM报告发布后英国放射性废物管理过程中的一些关键进展，并为未来类似CoRWM的委员会的风险和决策分析人员提供我们的思考，这些委员会负责在广泛征求公众和利益相关者意见的基础上，就技术复杂且有风险的技术管理向政府提出建议。
