Mumcuoglu K Y, Klaus S, Kafka D, Teiler M, Miller J
Department of Parasitology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Aug;25(2 Pt 1):248-51. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70190-d.
Living lice and eggs were found in 19% of 2643 children examined in Israel. Boys and girls were equally infested. Bite reactions, pruritus, excoriations, lymphadenopathy, and conjunctivitis were the most common signs and symptoms. Bite reactions, pruritus, excoriations, and conjunctivitis were found more frequently in infested children than in noninfested children. Lymphadenopathy, eczema, influenza, herpes, crusts behind ears, blepharitis, seborrhea, psoriasis, erythema, vitiligo, secondary infections, and scars were equally common in both groups. The sequence of the skin reactions of a volunteer to continuous exposure to lice bites was as follow: phase I, no clinical symptoms; phase II, papules accompanied by pruritus of medium intensity; phase III, wheal formation immediately after the bite, followed by a delayed papular reaction and intense itching; phase IV, papular reaction with diminished reactivity of the skin and mild pruritus. Healed bite reactions reappeared when other parts of the skin were again exposed to the lice.
在以色列接受检查的2643名儿童中，19%发现有活虱子和虱卵。男孩和女孩的感染情况相同。叮咬反应、瘙痒、擦伤、淋巴结病和结膜炎是最常见的体征和症状。与未受感染的儿童相比，受感染儿童中叮咬反应、瘙痒、擦伤和结膜炎更为常见。淋巴结病、湿疹、流感、疱疹、耳后结痂、睑缘炎、脂溢性皮炎、银屑病、红斑、白癜风、继发感染和疤痕在两组中同样常见。一名志愿者连续接触虱子叮咬后的皮肤反应顺序如下：第一阶段，无临床症状；第二阶段，伴有中度瘙痒的丘疹；第三阶段，叮咬后立即出现风团，随后出现延迟性丘疹反应和剧烈瘙痒；第四阶段，丘疹反应，皮肤反应性降低，瘙痒轻微。当皮肤的其他部位再次暴露于虱子时，愈合的叮咬反应会再次出现。
