Geller Karly S, Dzewaltowski David A, Rosenkranz Richard R, Karteroliotis Konstantinos
Department of Human Nutrition and Community Health Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
J Sch Health. 2009 Feb;79(2):51-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00376.x.
Social cognitive theory describes self-efficacy and proxy efficacy as influences on fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). Proxy efficacy was defined as a child's confidence in his or her skills and abilities to get others to act in one's interests to provide fruit and vegetable (FV) opportunities. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale assessing children's self-efficacy and proxy efficacy for FVC at after-school programs and at home.
Elementary-aged children (n = 184) attending 7 after-school programs completed a self-efficacy questionnaire relevant to FVC. Questionnaire validity was investigated with exploratory factor analysis and mixed-model analysis of covariance. Internal consistency reliability and readability were also assessed.
The questionnaire assessed 4 constructs: self-efficacy expectations for fruit consumption, self-efficacy expectations for vegetable consumption, proxy efficacy to influence parents to make FV available, and proxy efficacy to influence after-school staff to make FV available. Children perceiving FV opportunities in after-school had greater self-efficacy expectations for FVC and greater proxy efficacy to influence after-school staff compared to students who did not perceive FV opportunities. Children attending schools of higher socioeconomic status (SES) and less diversity were more confident they could influence their parents to make FV available than students attending lower SES and less diverse schools. Adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were established.
Self-efficacy is a multicomponent construct that can be assessed in children using the reliable and valid instrument evaluated by the current study.
社会认知理论将自我效能感和代理效能感描述为对水果和蔬菜消费（FVC）的影响因素。代理效能感被定义为儿童对自己促使他人为其提供水果和蔬菜（FV）机会的技能和能力的信心。本研究的目的是开发一种量表，用于评估儿童在课后活动和家庭中对FVC的自我效能感和代理效能感。
参加7个课后活动项目的小学年龄段儿童（n = 184）完成了一份与FVC相关的自我效能量表。通过探索性因素分析和协方差混合模型分析对问卷效度进行了调查。还评估了内部一致性信度和可读性。
该问卷评估了4个构念：对水果消费的自我效能期望、对蔬菜消费的自我效能期望、影响父母提供FV的代理效能，以及影响课后工作人员提供FV的代理效能。与未察觉到FV机会的学生相比，在课后察觉到FV机会的儿童对FVC的自我效能期望更高，对影响课后工作人员的代理效能也更高。与就读于社会经济地位（SES）较低且多样性较少学校的学生相比，就读于SES较高且多样性较少学校的儿童更有信心能够影响父母提供FV。建立了足够的内部一致性和重测信度。
自我效能感是一个多成分的构念，可以使用本研究评估的可靠有效工具在儿童中进行评估。
