Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3, France.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2010 Mar;49(Pt 1):21-41. doi: 10.1348/000712608X397665. Epub 2009 Jan 30.
Three studies were conducted to examine the predictions that (a) in-group identification depends on optimal distinctiveness needs (Study 1), and (b) that social identity threat overrides the predictive value of these needs to determine identification (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 1, need for assimilation and need for differentiation were assessed among natural groups. We found support for the optimal distinctiveness theory (ODT) prediction that there is a curvilinear relationship between identification and optimal distinctiveness needs satisfaction. In Studies 2 and 3, interactive effects of the extent to which groups satisfy assimilation and differentiation needs (groups are either too small, of moderate size, or too large) and social identity threat were examined. In the no identity threat condition identification was higher in moderately sized groups (where both needs are balances) compared to groups were either assimilation or differentiation dominates. However, when facing an identity threat, identification was highest in very small groups, providing evidence that social identity concerns override individual need satisfaction. Discussion focuses on comparing and integrating ODT and social identity theory.
（a）群体认同取决于最佳独特性需求（研究 1）；（b）社会认同威胁会超越这些需求的预测价值，从而决定认同（研究 2 和 3）。在研究 1 中，我们在自然群体中评估了同化需求和差异化需求。我们发现，认同与最佳独特性需求满足之间存在曲线关系，这一结果支持了最佳独特性理论（ODT）的预测。在研究 2 和 3 中，我们考察了群体满足同化和差异化需求的程度（群体要么太小、中等规模，要么太大）以及社会认同威胁的交互作用。在没有身份威胁的情况下，中等规模的群体（两者需求平衡）的认同度高于那些以同化或差异化为主导的群体。然而，当面临身份威胁时，非常小的群体的认同度最高，这表明社会认同的担忧会凌驾于个体需求满足之上。讨论重点在于比较和整合 ODT 和社会认同理论。
