Kawamura Satoru, Komori Masashi, Miyamoto Yusuke
School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Perception. 2008;37(11):1637-48. doi: 10.1068/p5811.
We examined the effect of facial expression on the assignment of gender to facial images. A computational analysis of the facial images was applied to examine whether physical aspects of the face itself induced this effect. Thirty-six observers rated the degree of masculinity of the faces of 48 men, and the degree of femininity of the faces of 48 women. Half of the faces had a neutral facial expression, and the other half was smiling. Smiling significantly reduced the perceived masculinity of men's faces, especially for male observers, whereas no effect of smiling on femininity ratings was obtained for women's faces. A principal component analysis was conducted on the matrix of pixel luminance values for each facial image x all the images. The third principle component explained a relatively high proportion of the variance of both facial expressions and gender of face. These results suggest that the effect of smiling on the assignment of gender is caused, at least in part, by the physical relationship between facial expression and face gender.
我们研究了面部表情对根据面部图像判断性别的影响。对面部图像进行了计算分析，以检验面部本身的物理特征是否会引发这种影响。三十六名观察者对48名男性面部的阳刚程度以及48名女性面部的阴柔程度进行了评分。一半的面部呈现中性表情，另一半则面带微笑。微笑显著降低了男性面部被感知到的阳刚程度，尤其是对男性观察者而言，而对于女性面部，微笑对阴柔程度评分没有影响。对每个面部图像的像素亮度值矩阵（所有图像）进行了主成分分析。第三主成分解释了面部表情和面部性别的相对较高比例的方差。这些结果表明，微笑对性别判断的影响至少部分是由面部表情和面部性别之间的物理关系所导致的。
