Anttila Piia, Heikkilä Pirjo, Mäkelä Mauri, Schlünssen Vivi, Priha Eero
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2009 Mar;53(2):139-51. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/men082. Epub 2009 Feb 3.
The purpose of the study was (i) to identify the carcinogenic agents that may cause confounding when studying the exposure-response relationship between bitumen fume exposure and cancer among roofing membrane-manufacturing workers and roofers and (ii) to assess exposures to the identified carcinogens and bitumen fume in roofing membrane manufacturing and roofing in Finland and Denmark from 1950 to 2005.
Information on the use of carcinogenic agents and other relevant data were collected through semi-structured interviews of senior employees in the industry. Semi-quantitative exposure assessments were made on the basis of available measurement data and information obtained from the interviews and literature.
Most of the production line workers in roofing membrane plants in Finland were exposed to asbestos until the mid-1970s. Also, some of the mixer operators in the plants were exposed to asbestos in Finland during the 1970s and in Denmark from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. In both countries, coal tar pitch was used in roofing membrane manufacturing until the mid-1960s, and consequently, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the plants was high in the 1950s and still significant in the early 1960s. Exposure of production line workers to quartz dust was high until the 1980s and is still relatively high compared with current occupational exposure limit values. Bitumen roofers' exposure to coal tar-derived PAHs may have been significant in both countries until the end of 1960s. Roofers' exposure to asbestos and quartz was estimated to have been near background level.
The estimated average annual exposures to asbestos, coal tar-derived PAHs and quartz dust in the bitumen waterproofing industry in Finland and Denmark were significant in the past but have a clear declining trend. Exposure to bitumen fume was found to follow a similar trend.
本研究的目的是：（i）确定在研究屋面卷材制造工人和屋面工中沥青烟暴露与癌症之间的暴露-反应关系时可能造成混淆的致癌因素；（ii）评估1950年至2005年芬兰和丹麦屋面卷材制造及屋面作业中已确定的致癌物质和沥青烟的暴露情况。
通过对该行业高级员工的半结构化访谈收集致癌物质使用信息及其他相关数据。基于现有测量数据以及从访谈和文献中获得的信息进行半定量暴露评估。
直到20世纪70年代中期，芬兰屋面卷材厂的大多数生产线工人都接触石棉。此外，20世纪70年代芬兰工厂的一些搅拌机操作员以及20世纪60年代中期至80年代中期丹麦工厂的一些搅拌机操作员也接触石棉。在这两个国家，直到20世纪60年代中期屋面卷材制造中都使用煤焦油沥青，因此，20世纪50年代工厂中多环芳烃（PAHs）的暴露量很高，到20世纪60年代初仍相当可观。直到20世纪80年代，生产线工人对石英粉尘的暴露量一直很高，与当前职业暴露限值相比仍然相对较高。直到20世纪60年代末，两国屋面工对煤焦油衍生的多环芳烃的暴露量可能都很大。据估计，屋面工对石棉和石英的暴露量接近背景水平。
芬兰和丹麦沥青防水行业过去对石棉、煤焦油衍生的多环芳烃和石英粉尘的估计年均暴露量很大，但呈明显下降趋势。沥青烟的暴露也呈现类似趋势。
