Gössler U R, Hörmann K
Universitäts-HNO-Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Fakultät für Medizin Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 68135, Mannheim.
HNO. 2009 Feb;57(2):100-12. doi: 10.1007/s00106-008-1866-z.
In recent years there has been an increase in the need for tissue replacement in the head and neck region. The disadvantages of classical reconstructive procedures are donor site morbidity for autologous transplants and the immunogenity of allogenous transplants. Tissue engineering is a promising method for the generation of autologous cartilagenous transplants for plastic and reconstructive surgery for closure of large defects by the use of minimal amounts of material for reconstruction. For this purpose harvested material must be cultivated in suitable culture/carrier systems. One obstacle is the loss of phenotype and function once the cells are detached from their environment (dedifferentiation). Adult mesenchymal stem cells are a valuable cell source for tissue engineering. The underlying strategy of using stem cells is the replacement of functionally compromised cells either by in vitro expanded stem cells or activation of stem cells in the tissue. However, there are still problems regarding valuable markers for cellular differentiation and the controlled differentiation towards a specific phenotype.
近年来，头颈部组织置换的需求不断增加。传统重建手术的缺点是自体移植存在供区并发症，而异体移植具有免疫原性。组织工程是一种很有前景的方法，可用于生成自体软骨移植体，用于整形和重建手术，通过使用少量材料进行重建来闭合大的缺损。为此，采集的材料必须在合适的培养/载体系统中培养。一个障碍是细胞一旦脱离其环境（去分化）就会丧失表型和功能。成人间充质干细胞是组织工程中一种有价值的细胞来源。使用干细胞的基本策略是通过体外扩增的干细胞或组织中干细胞的激活来替代功能受损的细胞。然而，在细胞分化的重要标志物以及向特定表型的可控分化方面仍然存在问题。
