Kraus Karl H, Kirker-Head Carl
Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Vet Surg. 2006 Apr;35(3):232-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2006.00142.x.
To review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone formation and regeneration, and outline the development of strategies that use MSC in bone healing and regeneration.
Literature review.
Medline review, synopses of authors' published research.
The MSC is the basic cellular unit of embryologic bone formation. Secondary bone healing mimics bone formation with proliferation of MSC then their differentiation into components of fracture callus. Bone regeneration, where large amounts of bone must form, mimics bone healing and can be achieved with MSC combined with strategies of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteopromotion. MSC based strategies first employed isolated and culture expanded stem cells in an osteoconductive carrier to successfully regenerate a critical segmental defect in the femur of dogs, which was as effective as autogenous cancellous bone. Because MSC appeared to be immunologically privileged, a study using mismatched allogeneic stem cells demonstrated that these cells would regenerate bone without inciting an immunologic response, documenting the possibility of banked allogeneic MSC for bone regeneration. A technique was developed for selectively retaining MSC from large bone marrow aspirates at surgery for bone regeneration. These techniques utilized osteoconductive and osteoinductive carriers and resulted in bone regeneration that was similar to autogenous cancellous bone.
MSC can be manipulated and combined with carriers that will result in bone regeneration of critically sized bone defects.
These techniques can be employed clinically to regenerate bone and serve as an alternative to autogenous cancellous bone.
综述间充质干细胞（MSC）在骨形成与再生中的作用，并概述利用MSC促进骨愈合与再生的策略的发展。
文献综述。
检索Medline数据库，并总结作者已发表研究的概要。
MSC是胚胎期骨形成的基本细胞单位。二期骨愈合通过MSC增殖然后分化为骨折痂成分来模拟骨形成。骨再生，即必须形成大量骨的过程，模拟骨愈合，可通过将MSC与成骨、骨诱导、骨传导和骨促进策略相结合来实现。基于MSC的策略最初采用在骨传导载体中分离并培养扩增的干细胞，成功地使犬股骨的临界节段性缺损再生，其效果与自体松质骨相同。由于MSC似乎具有免疫特惠性，一项使用不匹配的同种异体干细胞的研究表明，这些细胞可在不引发免疫反应的情况下再生骨，证明了储存同种异体MSC用于骨再生的可能性。开发了一种在骨再生手术中从大量骨髓抽吸物中选择性保留MSC的技术。这些技术利用了骨传导和骨诱导载体，实现了与自体松质骨相似的骨再生。
MSC可被操控并与载体相结合，从而实现临界尺寸骨缺损的骨再生。
这些技术可在临床上用于骨再生，作为自体松质骨的替代方法。
