Annaz Dagmara, Karmiloff-Smith Annette, Johnson Mark H, Thomas Michael S C
Developmental Neurocognition Lab, School of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2009 Apr;102(4):456-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2008.11.005. Epub 2009 Feb 3.
We report a cross-syndrome comparison of the development of holistic processing in face recognition in school-aged children with developmental disorders: autism, Down syndrome, and Williams syndrome. The autism group was split into two groups: one with high-functioning children and one with low-functioning children. The latter group has rarely been studied in this context. The four disorder groups were compared with typically developing children. Cross-sectional trajectory analyses were used to compare development in a modified version of Tanaka and Farah's part-whole task. Trajectories were constructed linking part-whole performance either to chronological age or to several measures of mental age (receptive vocabulary, visuospatial construction, and the Benton Facial Recognition Test). In addition to variable delays in onset and rate of development, we found an atypical profile in all disorder groups. These profiles were atypical in different ways, indicating multiple pathways to, and variable outcomes in, the development of face recognition. We discuss the implications for theories of face recognition in both atypical and typical development, including the idea that part-whole and rotation manipulations may tap different aspects of holistic and/or configural processing.
我们报告了一项针对患有发育障碍（自闭症、唐氏综合征和威廉姆斯综合征）的学龄儿童在人脸识别中整体加工发展的跨综合征比较研究。自闭症组被分为两组：一组是高功能儿童，另一组是低功能儿童。在这种背景下，后者很少被研究。将这四个障碍组与发育正常的儿童进行比较。采用横断面轨迹分析，在田中与法拉的部分 - 整体任务的修改版中比较发展情况。构建轨迹，将部分 - 整体表现与实际年龄或几种心理年龄测量指标（接受性词汇、视觉空间构建和本顿面部识别测试）联系起来。除了在发病时间和发展速度上存在不同程度的延迟外，我们在所有障碍组中都发现了非典型特征。这些特征以不同方式表现出非典型性，表明人脸识别发展存在多种途径和不同结果。我们讨论了这些结果对非典型和典型发展中人脸识别理论的影响，包括部分 - 整体和旋转操作可能涉及整体和/或构型加工不同方面的观点。
