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元元安慰剂和元元反安慰剂:你可能仅仅通过阅读本文就会感觉好些。

Meta-meta-placebo and -curabo: you might get better just by reading this paper.

作者信息

Egeth Marc

机构信息

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Radiology, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.

出版信息

Med Hypotheses. 2009 May;72(5):606-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.034. Epub 2009 Feb 4.

Abstract

Three separate but related ideas build on van Deventer's concept of the "meta-placebo" effect in which placebo effects are hypothesized to help patients even when patients know they are receiving a placebo. First, a method is proposed to experimentally validate the meta-placebo effect without lying to experimental subjects. Second, the idea of a meta-placebo is extended to a condition where patients experience many of the elements of placebo treatments that are hypothesized to cause placebo benefits, such as an optimistic prognosis by a doctor, but patients do not actually take a placebo pill: a "curabo effect". The final section proposes that patients might be able to experience enough placebo- and -curabo-related treatment elements to gain a beneficial effect without either a pill or a doctor. Instead, simply having the knowledge that one can derive medical benefit from placebo, meta-placebo, and -curabo treatments, and without medicine, might in itself suffice to cause some to feel better: the hypothesized meta-meta-placebo and -curabo (or "meta-bo," for short) effect.

摘要

三个相互独立但又相关的观点建立在范·德文特的“元安慰剂”效应概念之上。在这种效应中,即使患者知道自己正在接受安慰剂治疗,安慰剂效应仍被假定有助于患者。首先,提出了一种方法,用于在不对实验对象说谎的情况下,通过实验验证元安慰剂效应。其次,元安慰剂的概念被扩展到一种情况,即患者体验到许多被假定会产生安慰剂益处的安慰剂治疗元素,比如医生给出的乐观预后,但患者实际上并没有服用安慰剂药丸:即“治愈期望效应”。最后一部分提出,患者或许能够体验到足够多与安慰剂和治愈期望相关的治疗元素,从而在没有药丸或医生的情况下获得有益效果。相反,仅仅知道自己可以从安慰剂、元安慰剂和治愈期望治疗中获得医疗益处,而无需药物,这本身可能就足以让一些人感觉好转:即假定的元元安慰剂和治愈期望(或简称为“元安慰剂”)效应。

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