Whalen Carol K, Henker Barbara, Ishikawa Sharon S, Floro Joshua N, Emmerson Natasha A, Johnston Joseph A, Swindle Ralph
Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 3340 Social Ecology II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Oct;34(9):940-53. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn138. Epub 2009 Feb 5.
Using electronic diaries (eDiaries), this study examined temporal links between child and maternal anger, as well as positive mood and perceived stress, in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus comparison peers.
Across 7 days, half-hourly eDiaries were completed independently by mothers and their 8-12-year-old children (51 receiving medication for ADHD and 58 comparison peers).
Cross-informant analyses revealed systematic patterns of negative maternal moods in relation to child anger in both groups along with evidence of slower recovery in the ADHD group. Analogously, for both groups, children's anger reports increased and good-mood reports decreased in relation to maternal anger, whereas elevated stress in relation to maternal anger was restricted to children with ADHD.
The findings indicate that a negative affective climate is more likely to persist in ADHD than in comparison families. They also affirm the utility of child as well as parent eDiary reports and suggest that children may be willing to report low positive mood when reluctant to report negative mood. The promise of incorporating real-time data on mood patterning into tailored treatments for children with ADHD and their families is discussed.
本研究使用电子日记，调查了患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童与其对照儿童的愤怒情绪、积极情绪和感知压力之间的时间联系。
在7天内，母亲及其8至12岁的孩子（51名接受ADHD药物治疗的儿童和58名对照儿童）独立完成半小时一次的电子日记。
跨信息分析显示，两组中母亲的负面情绪与孩子的愤怒情绪均呈现出系统模式，且ADHD组的情绪恢复较慢。同样，对于两组而言，与母亲的愤怒情绪相关，孩子的愤怒报告增加，好心情报告减少，而与母亲的愤怒情绪相关的压力增加仅出现在患有ADHD的儿童中。
研究结果表明，与对照家庭相比，ADHD家庭中负面情绪氛围更可能持续存在。研究还证实了儿童和家长电子日记报告的效用，并表明儿童在不愿报告负面情绪时可能愿意报告积极情绪较低的情况。文中还讨论了将情绪模式实时数据纳入针对ADHD儿童及其家庭的个性化治疗中的前景。
