Physiological autophagy in the Syrian hamster Harderian gland.

The Syrian hamster Harderian gland (HG) displays a huge porphyrins metabolism with sexual dimorphism. Even in male Syrian hamsters with much lower porphyrins concentration than female HG, this activity is higher than in the liver. The damage derived from constant porphyrin production, displayed by reactive oxygen species, forces the gland to develop mechanisms that allow it to continue with its normal physiology. The survival strategy of the Harderian gland is mainly based on autophagic processes that are considered as a constant renovation system. Our results show different autophagy mechanisms in Syrian hamster HG, macroautophagy and other lysosomal-like processes such as chaperone-mediated autophagy, depending on sex and probably related to oxidative stress status. This chapter describes the methods used by us to characterize the autophagic processes that are being physiologically developed by this organ under normal conditions.