Costa M C, Santos E S, Barros R J, Pires C, Martins M
Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Chemosphere. 2009 May;75(6):831-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.062. Epub 2009 Feb 6.
Possible use of wine wastes containing ethanol as carbon and energy source for sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) growth and activity in the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) is studied for the first time. The experiments were performed using anaerobic down-flow packed bed reactors in semi-continuous systems. The performance of two bioreactors fed with wine wastes or ethanol as carbon sources is compared in terms of sulphate reduction, metals removal and neutralization. The results show that efficient neutralization and high sulphate removal (>90%) were attained with the use of wine wastes as substrate allowing the production of effluents with concentrations below the required local legislation for irrigation waters. This is only possible provided that the AMD and wine wastes are contacted with calcite tailing, a waste material that neutralizes and provides buffer capacity to the medium. The removal of metals using wine wastes as carbon source was 61-91% for Fe and 97% for both Zn and Cu. The lower removal of iron, when wine waste is used instead of ethanol, may be due to the presence of iron-chelating compounds in the waste, which prevent the formation of iron sulphide, and partial unavailability of sulphide because of re-oxidation to elemental sulphur. However, that did not affect significantly the quality of the effluent for irrigation. This work demonstrates that wine wastes are a potential alternative to traditional SRB substrates. This finding has direct implication to sustainable operation of SRB bioreactors for AMD treatment.
首次研究了含乙醇的葡萄酒废料作为硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）生长和活性的碳源及能源在酸性矿山排水（AMD）处理中的潜在用途。实验在半连续系统中的厌氧下流式填充床反应器中进行。比较了以葡萄酒废料或乙醇为碳源的两个生物反应器在硫酸盐还原、金属去除和中和方面的性能。结果表明，使用葡萄酒废料作为底物可实现高效中和及高硫酸盐去除率（>90%），从而产生浓度低于当地灌溉用水法规要求的废水。只有当AMD和葡萄酒废料与方解石尾矿接触时才有可能实现，方解石尾矿是一种能中和并为介质提供缓冲能力的废料。以葡萄酒废料作为碳源时，铁的去除率为61 - 91%，锌和铜的去除率均为97%。使用葡萄酒废料而非乙醇时铁的去除率较低，可能是由于废料中存在铁螯合化合物，这会阻止硫化铁的形成，并且由于再氧化成元素硫导致部分硫化物无法利用。然而，这并未对灌溉废水的质量产生显著影响。这项工作表明葡萄酒废料是传统SRB底物的潜在替代品。这一发现对用于AMD处理的SRB生物反应器的可持续运行具有直接意义。
