Zagury Gerald J, Kulnieks Viktors I, Neculita Carmen M
Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Que., Canada H3C 3A7.
Chemosphere. 2006 Aug;64(6):944-54. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.01.001. Epub 2006 Feb 17.
Acid mine drainage (AMD), which contains high concentrations of sulphate and dissolved metals, is a serious environmental problem. It can be treated in situ by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), but effectiveness of the treatment process depends on the organic substrate chosen to supply the bacteria's carbon source. Six natural organic materials were characterized in order to investigate how well these promote sulphate reduction and metal precipitation by SRB. Maple wood chips, sphagnum peat moss, leaf compost, conifer compost, poultry manure and conifer sawdust were investigated in terms of their carbon (TOC, TIC, DOC) and nitrogen (TKN) content, as well as their easily available substances content (EAS). Single substrates, ethanol, a mixture of leaf compost (30% w/w), poultry manure (18% w/w), and maple wood chips (2% w/w), and the same mixture spiked with formaldehyde were then tested in a 70-day batch experiment to evaluate their performance in sulphate reduction and metal removal from synthetic AMD. Metal removal efficiency in batch reactors was as high as 100% for Fe, 99% for Mn, 99% for Cd, 99% for Ni, and 94% for Zn depending on reactive mixtures. Early metal removal (0-12d) was attributed to the precipitation of (oxy)hydroxides and carbonate minerals. The lowest metal and sulphate removal efficiency was found in the reactor containing poultry manure as the single carbon source despite its high DOC and EAS content. The mixture of organic materials was most effective in promoting sulphate reduction, followed by ethanol and maple wood chips, and single natural organic substrates generally showed low reactivity. Formaldehyde (0.015% (w/v)) provided only temporary bacterial inhibition. Although characterization of substrates on an individual basis provided insight on their chemical make-up, it did not give a clear indication of their ability to promote sulphate reduction and metal removal.
酸性矿山排水（AMD）含有高浓度的硫酸盐和溶解金属，是一个严重的环境问题。它可以通过硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）进行原位处理，但处理过程的有效性取决于为细菌提供碳源所选择的有机底物。对六种天然有机材料进行了表征，以研究它们促进SRB还原硫酸盐和沉淀金属的效果。研究了枫木片、泥炭藓、树叶堆肥、针叶树堆肥、家禽粪便和针叶树锯末的碳（总有机碳、总无机碳、溶解性有机碳）和氮（总凯氏氮）含量，以及它们的易利用物质含量（EAS）。然后，在一个为期70天的批次实验中，测试了单一底物乙醇、树叶堆肥（30% w/w）、家禽粪便（18% w/w）和枫木片（2% w/w）的混合物，以及添加了甲醛的相同混合物，以评估它们在从合成AMD中还原硫酸盐和去除金属方面的性能。根据反应混合物的不同，间歇式反应器中对铁的金属去除效率高达100%，对锰为99%，对镉为99%，对镍为99%，对锌为94%。早期的金属去除（0 - 12天）归因于（羟基）氧化物和碳酸盐矿物的沉淀。尽管家禽粪便的溶解性有机碳和易利用物质含量很高，但在以家禽粪便作为单一碳源的反应器中，金属和硫酸盐的去除效率最低。有机材料的混合物在促进硫酸盐还原方面最有效，其次是乙醇和枫木片，单一的天然有机底物通常反应性较低。甲醛（0.015%（w/v））仅提供了暂时的细菌抑制作用。虽然对底物进行单独表征能了解它们的化学组成，但并不能明确表明它们促进硫酸盐还原和金属去除的能力。
