Berisha M, Zheki V, Zadzhmi D, Gashi S, Hokha R, Begoli I
National Institute of Public Health, Kosovo.
Georgian Med News. 2009 Jan(166):89-93.
The goal of this study was to determine the degree of the tuberculosis awareness concerning medical aspects of tuberculosis and stigma toward the illness. The main focus was on the supervision of the health educative program effects on the tuberculosis throughout the identification of health needs; to determine demographical aspects associated with the level of knowledge (age, gender, living conditions, level of education etc.); to improve health education program efficacy through identification of health priorities. In the survey 155 tuberculosis patients aged 12-87 years old from different regions of Kosovo (89 females and 66 males) were included; 53.5% of patients were from rural region. Educational background: 11.6% illiterate patients; 39.4% of patients have completed primary and secondary education; 9.7% of patients were highly educated. The special questionnaire was composed and patients were interviewed. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions. For statistical processing Hi square-test, t-test and linear correlation were used. The investigation showed that level of knowledge regarding tuberculosis was satisfactory. The meaning of direct observational therapy was known to only 51% of patients. In general patients have been informed by the health staff. Stigma was obviously present in Kosovo. More vulnerable were patients without education background and from villages. Key need in global control of tuberculosis remains the adoption of DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course). Health education must be designed depending on target population for achievement of success in fighting and preventing tuberculosis.
本研究的目的是确定对结核病医学方面的认识程度以及对该疾病的污名化情况。主要重点在于通过确定健康需求来监督健康教育计划对结核病的影响；确定与知识水平相关的人口统计学方面（年龄、性别、生活条件、教育程度等）；通过确定健康优先事项来提高健康教育计划的效果。在调查中，纳入了来自科索沃不同地区的155名年龄在12至87岁之间的结核病患者（89名女性和66名男性）；53.5%的患者来自农村地区。教育背景：11.6%的患者为文盲；39.4%的患者完成了小学和中学教育；9.7%的患者受过高等教育。编制了专门的问卷并对患者进行了访谈。问卷由19个问题组成。统计处理采用卡方检验、t检验和线性相关分析。调查显示，关于结核病的知识水平令人满意。只有51%的患者知道直接观察治疗的含义。总体而言，患者已从医护人员处获得了相关信息。污名化在科索沃显然存在。受教育程度低和来自农村的患者更容易受到影响。全球结核病控制的关键需求仍然是采用直接督导下的短程化疗（DOTS）。必须根据目标人群设计健康教育，以在抗击和预防结核病方面取得成功。
