Fedor Dawn, Kelley Darshan S
Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Mar;12(2):138-46. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283218299.
Review results from recent human and animal studies regarding the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the prevention of insulin resistance.
Overall, results from animal studies indicate that fish oil and individual n-3 PUFA [alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] prevented insulin resistance in animal models; results from two studies in mice showed that EPA increased insulin secretion. ALA, EPA, and DHA may act at different sites and involve different mechanisms. Fish oil or purified EPA reduced insulin resistance in some but not other human studies in normal weight and obese individuals. Discrepancies may be due to differences in health status of participants, macronutrient, fatty acid, and antioxidant nutrient composition of basal diet; amount, duration, and fatty acid composition of n-3 PUFA, and methods used to assess insulin resistance. Moderate amounts of n-3 PUFA did not improve or deteriorate glucose control in type 2 diabetics.
n-3 PUFA supplementation has clinical significance in the prevention and reversal of insulin resistance. However, increased intake of n-3 PUFA should be part of an overall healthy lifestyle that includes weight control, exercise, and reduction in the intake of refined sugars, n-6, saturated, and trans fatty acids.
回顾近期关于n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）在预防胰岛素抵抗方面的人体和动物研究结果。
总体而言，动物研究结果表明，鱼油和单一的n-3 PUFA [α-亚麻酸（ALA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）] 可预防动物模型中的胰岛素抵抗；两项小鼠研究结果显示，EPA可增加胰岛素分泌。ALA、EPA和DHA可能作用于不同部位，涉及不同机制。在一些针对正常体重和肥胖个体的人体研究中，鱼油或纯化的EPA可降低胰岛素抵抗，但在其他研究中则不然。差异可能归因于参与者的健康状况、基础饮食中的常量营养素、脂肪酸和抗氧化营养素组成；n-3 PUFA的剂量、持续时间和脂肪酸组成，以及用于评估胰岛素抵抗的方法。适量的n-3 PUFA对2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制没有改善或恶化作用。
补充n-3 PUFA在预防和逆转胰岛素抵抗方面具有临床意义。然而，增加n-3 PUFA的摄入量应成为整体健康生活方式的一部分，包括控制体重、运动以及减少精制糖、n-6、饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸的摄入量。
