Harris Steven D
Department of Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
Mycologia. 2008 Nov-Dec;100(6):823-32. doi: 10.3852/08-177.
The ability of rapidly growing hyphae to generate new polarity axes that result in the formation of a branch represents one of the most important yet least understood aspects of fungal cell biology. Branching is central to the development of mycelial colonies and also appears to play a key role in fungal interactions with other organisms. This review presents a description of the two major patterns of hyphal branching, apical and lateral, and highlights the roles of internal and external factors in the induction of branch formation. In addition, potential mechanisms underlying branch site selection are outlined, and the possible roles of multiple signaling pathways (i.e., G protein alpha, Cdc42, NDR kinases) and subcellular structures (i.e., the Spitzenkorper, septins) are discussed. Finally, other forms of branching in the plant and animal kingdoms are briefly summarized and compared to hyphal branching.
快速生长的菌丝产生新的极性轴从而形成分支的能力，是真菌细胞生物学中最重要但却最不为人所理解的方面之一。分支对于菌丝菌落的发育至关重要，并且似乎在真菌与其他生物体的相互作用中也起着关键作用。本综述描述了菌丝分支的两种主要模式，即顶端分支和侧向分支，并强调了内部和外部因素在诱导分支形成中的作用。此外，概述了分支位点选择的潜在机制，并讨论了多种信号通路（即G蛋白α、Cdc42、NDR激酶）和亚细胞结构（即Spitzenkorper、隔膜蛋白）的可能作用。最后，简要总结了植物和动物界中其他形式的分支，并与菌丝分支进行了比较。
